Deontology Definition Essay

‘Whilst Deontology has it’s attractions it fails to provide a reliable foundation for moral decision making’ Examine and evaluate this claim (30) Deontology is based upon the actions of a person, not the consequences. The word deontology is derived from the Greek word ‘deontos’. It was developed by Immanuel Kant and it is an absolutist a priori theory, the phrase a priori means it is knowable through experience and absolutist means there are fixed rules that cannot be changed. This means Kant believed the duty of the moral law was unchangeable and through experience, if everyone followed these rules the world would be a better place. Immanuel Kant wrote ‘Critique of Pure reason’ in this book he devised his deontological theory of duty. He believed it is the duty of one to follow the moral law and not judge situations with feelings, inclination, love and compassion. Kant also believed that all humans seek for summum bonum which is the state when all human virtue and happiness are united. To help people on their way to moral decision Immanuel Kant devised the categorical imperative, this is in contrast to the hypothetical imperative. The hypothetical imperative normally starts sentence with an if e.g. if you wish to complete a good essay you must spend time on it, where as a categorical imperative tells you that you should do something, e.g. you should brush your teeth in the morning. This then was devised into three different rules on how to live your life; The Universal Law, Treat Humans as Ends in Themselves and Act as if you live in a Kingdom of Ends. Kant’s second principle in the categorical imperative, ‘So act that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of every other human being, never merely as a means, but always at the same time as an end’ This shows that it could be an attractive theory as it has good intentions in mind. Like many theories, Deontology has its strengths and weaknesses. One of its main strengths is that it is an absolutist theory. This means it is either intrinsically good or bad, e.g. do not commit murder. This is a major strength as it makes an easy theory people to follow. This may attract people towards the theory as it shows guidelines to follow which some people may rely on to make their moral decision making. Another reason why it may attract people is because the rules are fixed so they do not have to question the rules whether they are right or wrong them just have to obey them keeping them in a comfortable position. This makes the theory practical in everyday use and people can depend upon the theory also there is no need to do any calculations. However there are many conflicting views to this strength. One of them is how people can become dependant on the theory. If they become to dependant upon the theory and it does not help them in a situation on moral decision making they may struggle to think of what to do next. WD Ross devised the notion of prima facie duties, this means first appearance. This is when we follow our duty unless there is an overriding obligation, e.g. telling a white lie to make someone feel good about them self. This goes against the principle of duty as you must not lie but you could argue that you will feel morally good about yourself if you make another person feel good. Therefore this does not help is moral decision making as you have conflicting duties. Strength to this theory is that justice is always the absolute. This means only intrinsically right actions are accounted for. This can be seen with Kant’s statement of good will. ‘it is impossible to conceive of anything at all in the world, or even out of it, which can be taken as good without qualification, except good will.’ This shows that only good will is the only good we can achieve from the world. By justice being an absolute it means that you cannot justify immoral actions. This is attractive because it shows that by following this theory you will not act unmorally and you will be able to reach that summum bonum as you are fulfilled with good deeds. By not being able to do any intrinsically bad actions this will make people feel it is a reliable theory because if you follow these set rules you will not harm another person. Although it seeks justice, it does not seek the best interest of the majority, this means the minority may feel that justice has been done but on the other hand the majority may feel that justice has not been served. Personally I feel by pleasing the majority I will end up with a better outcome because there will greater happiness, this links in with Utilitarianism and the greatest pleasure over the greatest pain. Another reason why this theory has its flaws is the summum bonum. The summum bonum is the ultimate fulfilment but it can only be achieved by having an immortal soul as it cannot be achieved in the lifetime. This shows links with religion, even though Kant rejected theological arguments with the existence of God. This strikes a problem because not everyone believes in God so how could you follow the theory if you do not believe in his existence. Finally it is to legalistic because it assumes everyone is a law abiding person, people have different intentions so by assuming everyone has the intention of justice is wrong. To see whether is really does fail these reliabilities; we have to compare the strengths with the weaknesses. A weakness to the theory is that there are no limits to what can be universalised. This is because in one person’s state of mind something may seem perfectly fine to another person’s state of mind, e.g. a chronically depressed person. They may feel suicide is perfectly acceptable. This links in with the first law of the categorical imperative ‘Do not act on any principle that cannot be universalised.’ This means moral laws should be taken into account into all situations. Again this is wrong because who is to say one right action is another person’s right action, this makes it very unreliable with moral decision making. However if you take into account what the majority feel is wrong or right you could come to a conclusion on universal rules. This can be seen with rules such as ‘do not commit murder’ as most people do not tolerate that and it is safe to say they do not agree with it. Finally another weakness is that Immanuel Kant starts to argue now ‘is’ to be done but what ‘ought’ to be done, this is known as the Naturalistic Fallacy. This is a weakness because it makes people feel as he is in control and he is telling what should and shouldn’t be done. This is a weakness because Kant has different agreement on morals to another agreement, again he is assuming the masses will agree with this method making unreliable. By Kant saying what ought to be done he is showing what he feels is intrinsically good and that may vary from another. On the other hand by Kant saying he ought instead of is, it shows he is laying down ground rules and some people may like this as they will have rules to follow making it a attractive and reliable moral decision making theory.

Law of Tresspass

LAW OF TORT LAW2002-N 20011/12 Lectures 3 and 4: Trespass to the Person Lectures 5 – 12:Negligence TRESPASS TO THE PERSON Reading: Steele Chap 2 to page 81; Street Chap 3; Winfield Chap 4. ASSAULT AND BATTERY Introduction Battery: intentional application of force to another person. Assault: act of the defendant which causes to the claimant reasonable apprehension of the infliction of an immediate battery on him by the defendant. Battery 1. The character of the act of D a)It must be a positive act. b)D must have control over what he is doing. c)There must be force and contact. Collins v Wilcock [1984] All ER 374Wilson v Pringle [1987] QB 237. In Re F (Mental Patient: Sterilization) [1990] 2 AC 1 2. State of Mind ie. the relationship between trespass and negligence. Letang v Cooper [1965] 1 QB 232; [1964] 3 WLR 573; [1964] 2 All ER 929; [1964] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 339. Note that since Fowler v Lanning [1959] 1 QB 426; [1959] 2 WLR 241; [1959] 1 All ER 290. C must prove that D acted in tentionally or negligently. 3. Livingstone v Ministry of Defence (1984) 15 NIJB – transferred malice 4. No consent by C and the burden is on C to prove it. Freeman v Home Office (No 2) [1984] QB 524 5. No damage need be proved. Assault 1.This means the act of putting another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of immediate battery. eg. pointing loaded gun shaking one's fist under C's nose. But not shaking fist from window of departing train. Thomas v NUM [1985] 2 All ER 1, 24 2. Mere words are not assault however menacing: there must be threatening acts Meade's Case (1823) 1 Lew CC 184 â€Å"No words or singing are equivalent to assault†. cf. R v Wilson [1955] 1 WLR 493 However a)There is no clear authority on this rule. b)In the nature of things threatening words are usually accompanied by threatening gestures. c)Words accompanying a menacing gesture may negative ts being an assault. Turbervell v Savadge (1669) 1 Mod. Rep. 3; 2 Keb 545; NoteStreet says that it i s preferable to treat this statement as merely an illustration of the principle that D must have caused C to apprehend an immediate contact rather than to make it a separate rule. A case to be distinguished is where there is a conditional threat: Ansell v Thomas [1974] Crim LR 31 See also Read v Coker (1853) 13 C. B. 850 3. Pointing a loaded pistol is obviously an assault. What if it is unloaded but C does not know this? There is one criminal case where it was the ratio that to point an unloaded gun at P is an assaultR v St George (1840) 9 C&P 483, 492. 4. If D's blow is intercepted by a third party this will still be an assault. Stephens v Myers (1830) 4 C 349; 34 R. R. 811. 5. The act of D need not produce actual fear just reasonable apprehension. 6. There can be battery without assault. FALSE IMPRISONMENT Definition:The infliction of bodily restraint which is not expressly or impliedly authorised by the law. – Winfield. State of Mind This tort normally involves an intentio nal act in the sense that D must intend to do act which is at least substantially certain to effect the confinement.It is, however, a tort of strict liability in that there need be no intention to act unlawfully – R v Governors of Brockhill Prison ex parte Evans No. 2 [2001] 2 A. C. 19 Malice is irrelevant. On principle negligence ought to be enough. â€Å"Accordingly, if a person locks a door being negligently unaware of the presence of somebody in the room, this should be false imprisonment. †: Street â€Å"False† – wrongful. â€Å"Imprisonment† – â€Å"Every confinement of the person is an imprisonment, whether it be in a common prison, or in a private house, or in the stocks, or even by forcibly detaining one in the public streets† – Blackstone.The character of D's act 1. There need be no actual incarceration. 2. Physical force is not necessary. Meering v Graham – White Aviation Co 122 LT 44 3. The area of confinemen t may be very large. 4. Restraint must be complete. Bird v Jones (1845) 7 QB 742; 9 Jur 87; 66 RR 564. 5. If a person has the means of escape, but does not know it, it is submitted by Winfield that his detention is nevertheless false imprisonment unless any reasonable man would have realised that he had an available outlet. 6. Act must be direct. 7. There must normally be a positive act rather than an omission.Herd v Weardale Steel, Coke and Coal Co [1915] AC 67; 111 LT 660. Knowledge of C Herring v Boyle (1834) 1 CM&R; 6 Car&P; 4 Tyr 801; 3 LJ Ex 344 cfMeering v Grahame – White Aviation Co (Supra) Murray v Minister of Defence [1985] 1 WLR 692 No proof of actual damage is necessary. INTENTIONAL PHYSICAL HARM OTHER THAN TRESPASS TO THE PERSON: The Rule in Wilkinson v Downton An act wilfully done which is calculated to cause, and does cause, physical harm to a person is a tort, although it may not be trespass to the person or other specific tort. This principle was laid down by WRIGHT, J. in Wilkinson v Downton [1897] 2 QB 57; 76 LT 493.Upheld by C. A in Janvier v Sweeney [1919] 2 KB 316; 121 LT 179. In Wainwright v Home Office [2002] 3 WLR all three judges in CA held the view that either actual intention or objective recklessness would suffice. Protection from Harassment Act 1997 But see also Hunter v Canary Wharf [1997] AC 655 DEFENCES TO AN ACTION FOR TRESPASS TO THE PERSON Self Defence Main question is whether force used by D was reasonable in the circumstances. Prevention of trespass to land or ejection of trespassers from land Note that unless the trespasser is entering by force, D must ask him to leave before using force against him.Volenti Burden is on C to establish lack of consent. Parental or other authority Inevitable accident Not relevant as a defence. Since Fowler v Lanning (supra) the burden has been on C to prove that D's act was intentional or negligent. Failure by C to fulfil a reasonable condition This is a defence to false imprisonment . Note:Robinson v Balmain Ferry [1910] AC 295 Herd v Weardale (supra) D acting in support of the law Dallison v Caffery [1965] 1 QB 348; [1964] 3 WLR 385; [1964] 2 All E 610 cfHogg v Ward (1858) 27 LJ Ex 443.

Pay them by their performance and everyone benefits As a statement of Essay - 1

Pay them by their performance and everyone benefits As a statement of management - Essay Example Quite understandably, these people were in search for a formula or the prominent factors, which can affect these above mentioned variables. This search led these experts to many new concepts and approaches and out of them â€Å"pay for performance† is one of the most debated, and discussed ones. This paper, therefore, focuses on the same concept and is an attempt to analyze and explore different dimensions to this concept. It is important to understand that this system cannot come under study in isolation with the other systems of fixed pay systems. This is because that actually shortcomings and problems within the existing systems led to the discovery and creation of pay for performance. In fact, pay for performance was an attempt by organizational experts to rectify the problems with the fixed pay plans. One of the biggest problems with fixed pay plans was their inability to motivate employees to put in the extra effort. Employees were asking themselves that why should they put in extra effort into their jobs when they are not getting any rewards for the same. Tangible or intangible rewards are quite understandably the biggest motivational factors of the employees most of the times, and without their presence, life became miserable for the mangers who want extra quality work from their employees. Moreover, this was the time in the history when the market was increasingly becoming a ruthless and aggr essive place, when their bosses asked managers and company heads to continue a two-fold goal of cutting the costs and increasing the productivity of the organization and both at the same time. This eventually meant that the managers would have to motivate the employees to put in more effort with the same rewards, pay, or remuneration. As mentioned above, this was certainly not possible. This situation was problematic from two sides of the picture. The first side of

The Women and Real Men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Women and Real Men - Essay Example Other similarities or differences are also sought for and highlighted in the upcoming passages. The author of "Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt†, Jean Kilbourne, writes the whole article in a very concerned but detached manner. She seems to be having a helicopter view of the whole advertising industry and how it promotes violence against women. "Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt† begins on a slightly theatrical note when writer talks about advertising being more about ‘violence than violins’ and ‘power than passion’. This is not carried forward in rest of the writing which is much more academic relying on studies and statistical evidences. â€Å"From Fly Girls to Bitches and Hos" is written by Joan Morgan and it differs from "Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt† on various levels. First of all Joan writes in a very engaging and personal manner. She seems to be dealing the problem of her society while being inside it throughout the narration. The words used in â€Å"From Fly Girls to Bitches and Hos" are at times very informal. There is frequent usage of colloquial such as ‘Gangsta’, ‘Sista’,‘Nigga’ and ‘Bitches’. While Jean uses statistical evidence to prove her arguments, Joan has provided more of personal stories and anecdotes than statistics. "Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt"  describes women as the victims of advertising. ... It seems as if all these words have been picked up from book on criminology. On the other hand, â€Å"From Fly Girls to Bitches and Hos" holds women partially responsible for the violent lyrics in the hip-pop against women. Joan writes that girls should have integrity and self-esteem and not run after ‘material comforts’. She asks them to love black men for ‘what they are’ and not ‘what they want them to be’. There has to be acknowledgement of the pain of black men if their frustration against their women has to be stopped. While Jean writes that advertisements have sexualized women, Joan says that women have sexualized and objectified themselves. There is a point on which both Jean and Joan agree. And that is the attitude of women towards other women. She cites the example of a criminal case where a woman accused a man of raping her. But her Victoria Secret’s panties were used against her as an indication of her immorality. The jury com prising of predominantly female members gave decision against her. Jean writes that this showed ‘women are cruel judge of other women’s behavior’. Same sentiments are expressed by Joan when she writes that girls always indulge in ‘bitching’ each other. She pleads to her ‘sistas’ to have self esteem and integrity. Black women need to do introspection and try to listen to their partners. Both "Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt† and â€Å"From Fly Girls to Bitches and Hos" deal with topic of young men in a strangely similar manner. Jean writes that advertisement is targeted towards making young men violent and insensitive. The men who are caring and committed are portrayed as fools. She writes ‘It is married man in the cartoon and ads who are jerks. â€Å"From Fly Girls to Bitches and Hos" tells

Student survival guide personal action plan Essay

Student survival guide personal action plan - Essay Example University education requires a large amount of independent learning and often involves search for information. Information is required to construct ideas, theories, or data. A variety of sources provide such information; but the most obvious ones are the University Library and the internet. Libraries can be either paper libraries or digital ones, where the contents of books are stored in digital form. Searching for information in books consumes too much time and hence it is preferable to access digital libraries on occasions when time could be a limiting factor. Also, the information contained in a book may not be updated. Hence library searches are better conducted within digital sources. Searching through digital catalogues offers speed and convenience, with an added advantage that one can access these from remote locations. Internet is the most convenient source of information because time, space or location doesn’t constrain it. Following guidelines will provide an overview of how best to search the internet. But they are not exhaustive; the World Wide Web has such potential that people can, and need to customize it to meet their specific requirements: 2. Use a search engine that displays results from more than one source – sometimes referred to as a meta-crawler – info.com is one such, though google.com gives excellent results fast, provided the search criteria are selected properly. Advanced search options needs to be used to refine searches. Commercial sites tend to be unreliable as far as a student is concerned. University sites and sites with .org and .edu suffixes should be preferred. However, the objectivity of opinions expressed in individual sites must be assessed after careful reading, since many activist sites masquarade as authentic unbiased ones. Passing off another person’s work as one’s own is unethical, apart from being unlawful. However,

Exercise 3, page 112 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Exercise 3, page 112 - Essay Example Some of the facilities that are present include an Olympic size swimming pool, a handball court, a basketball court, a squash court as well as a whirlpool. Others include saunas and steam baths, locker and shower facilities together with free packing. The exercise machines present include treadmills, bikes, steppers, the new cybex(Nautilus style) machine together with rowers and ellipticals. This is a very good offer for the employees and their families, as spouses of members or their domestic partners are eligible with a 20 percent discount of the clubs normal rates. The club offers very reduced rates for the hospital employees that are very reasonable and cannot be found in any other health club anywhere near the hospital. The rates are posted on our official website which is www.healthclubin.org so feel free to visit it. The working hours are weekdays 5pm to 10pm while on weekends it is 7am to 8pm. For more information please call us on

Homophobia in American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homophobia in American Culture - Essay Example Most of the religious groups in America oppose homosexuality at large and this has sparked a lot of debates in the recent days. Similarly America is a country which has people from all over the world living in it. And thus this causes the country to have more diversification in terms of religion, race and people. And most of the religions which exist in America object to homosexuality. This can be seen as a major source of Homophobia in America. On the other hand according to some people the act of homosexuality is filthy and perverted. Thus this act should be widely condemned according to these people. Different people belonging to different races in America have the belief that homosexuality is against the law of God and is creating an environment of filth in America. All these factors lead to the development of Homophobia in America. The fear developed by people in their hearts is causing them to treat the homosexuals unfairly. Thus it can also be said that Homophobia is also a ca use of discrimination in America. The issue of Homophobia is now being tackled by the relevant authorities and steps are being taken by them to ensure that the homosexuals are getting their basic rights. In my age group Homophobia is quite common due to the role of the media and different organizations.

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Reflection Paper - Essay Example This paper is a reflection of the lectures by Leslie, Steele and Crouse, that I attended. The movie by the name of â€Å"Peace out† was released in 2011; basically it is a documentary or a short film that it can be called. Directed and written by Charles Wilkinson, it takes into account the city of Vancouver and the problems in it. These problems, of course are environment related. It is the decision of choosing Hydro over Solar, stated in the most informal way possible. I happened to attend a lecture that was a discussion based on this short film. It focused on the problems that were present in Vancouver and used the documentary as a way to project their consequences and issues. It is in fact about time, that these global issues regarding energy crisis and environmental damage were brought attention. Personally, this issue is something which I feel needs to get the maximum attention and needs to be addressed globally. No one person can fix it, but the contributions of every i ndividual can definitely, without a doubt, bring a halt to the disastrous end that is inevitable. The discussion was primarily focusing on Vancouver as the documentary is based on it. The need of electricity and with the rapid increase in development, there is bound to be a much bigger demand for it; hence the need of hydro electrical power will automatically increase. Since, the question is of the Peace River, on which a power Dam was built and it caused the river to back up by â€Å"80 Kilometers.† The movie was extremely explicit as it openly blamed the government for wanting to make money, and putting their monetary benefits before the lives of the people. Yes, this is exactly how dangerous this dam is. It is a pure â€Å"rape of natural resources and destruction of our environment†, says Greg Klymkiv. The Peace River is not only a beautiful, scenic place but it is a major habitat to a lot of animals. The lecture that I attended brought many solutions to stop this from happening, but then again, one person cannot do the job. The government and corporates state that they have to take these measures in order to fulfill the rather increasing demand for energy; and the people who are opposing this whole idea are not ready to decrease their consumption. It is absurd, and extremely difficult. On one hand there are demonstrations against the dam being built, and at the same time no one wants to cut down consumption. It is a cycle that we have created; hence we have to stop it. On 14th, November, 2013, I happened to attend a lecture which almost reflected the same issue as addressed above. However, it now concerned the people more than the environment. It addressed the issues of the clash between the government and the people: What the people want, and what the government gives. The lecture was given by Megan Leslie and Graham Steele. Once again, if normally stated, this is one of the most misunderstood relationships of the world. It’s almost like a blame game; the people blame the government for all the bad things that happen and the government dumps their actions on the people by sugar coating it as their demands. The lecture was a rather thought clearing process, it made the audience realize where we are wrong and how can we overcome this gap and make it better for ourselves. The lecture, as informative as it was, to a certain extent I found it like an eye opener. Personally, I have been amongst those people who are of

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Terrorism - Essay Example Most definitely. A planned method of achieving violent intimidation in a pursuit of some form of legislative upheaval? Yes, but that black-or-white definition may include some efforts that don’t quite hit-the-mark, while excluding others that do. â€Å"Terrorism involves the use or threat of violence and seeks to create fear, not just within the direct victims but among a wide audience† (Encyclopedia Britanica). For a bit of a more elaborate understanding, an online article within Encyclop?dia Britannica summarizes this brilliantly: â€Å"[T]he systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective. Terrorism has been practiced by political organizations with both rightist and leftist objectives, by nationalistic and religious groups, by revolutionaries, and even by state institutions such as armies, intelligence services, and police† (Jenkins, 2011). Though any attempt at reachin g a federal agreement can at times begin to seem interminable or else come to a stalemate, â€Å"State law enforcement represents about 10 percent of total police employment in the United States† (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 2000). However, immediately following the 11 September 2001 fiasco, an abundance of newly implemented homeland security functions for state police organizations took mandatory precedence. That made the U.S. as a whole regroup and figure out how that could have been avoided. Terrorism has indeed had a major impact on the police mission in the United States. The executive, the legislative, and judicial decision-makers state leaders that exist currently do so with more of a raised brow. All significant policy trends for these three separate branches of government are administrated by the Council of State Governments (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statist ics, 2000). Body: â€Å"In order to examine the impact of terrorism on state and local police agencies, the research team developed a survey that was administered to all state police, highway patrol agencies, and general-purpose state bureaus of investigation and a sample population of 400 local police and sheriff agencies in the spring of 2004† (Foster, Cordner, 2004). Of course, the only way to comprehend the theoretical reasoning behind what had happened -- well beyond the black-and-white or simplified practical history -- then this all-encompassing and well-grounded examination would need to be performed for sake of establishing future academic research. Only then will a peaceful and peaceable environment be established; the paradox that only with a strong defense can peace be established, then, holds merit. â€Å"In order to examine the impact of terrorism on state and local police agencies, a survey instrument was developed by a research team with state and local law e nforcement experience. Survey items were developed from scratch since the project's focus was to explore new developments. However, the research team reviewed and utilized several existing surveys related to homeland security to gather ideas about survey structure and wording† (Foster, Cordner, 2004). Pertaining to disagreements that have adamantly come about and exist due to the appropriate law enforcement behavior that opposes terrorism

Milk and Fresh Fruit Juice Essay Example for Free

Milk and Fresh Fruit Juice Essay Breast milk can be produced fresh or can be frozen for use at a later date. Breast milk can be left for up to five days in a fridge with a tempeture of 4 degrees Celsius or lower, it can be left up to two weeks in the freezer compartment of a fridge. If the breast milk is frozen it can be left up to six months in a freezer with a tempeture of at least minus 18 degrees Celsius. It is recommended by the department of health that formula milk should be made fresh rather than made up in advance, for more convience liquid formula can be bought. If liquid formula isn’t available then a flask with boiling water can be made so formula can be made when needed. EYMP3-5. 2 It is important to follow carer’s instructions regarding dietary requirements as some children will have severe reactions to some food. Diabetic children will have specific dietary requirements that need to be followed carefully because if not could lead to the child having low or high blood sugars. Children that have food intolerances may get diarrhoea if they are given foods that they are intolerant to. Children with known allergies should be supervised whilst eating. The signs of an allergic reaction are; swelling of the lips and eyes, redness of the face or other parts of the body. They could also start to itch or have difficulty breathing. Children with a severe may be prescribed an epi pen and training should be given before administrating. EYMP3-5. 3 CULTURE| DIETARY REQUIREMENTS|. Hindu| Mainly vegetarianSome lambPork rarelyNo beefSome chickenSome cheeseNo milk or yoghurt with rennetSome eggs and shellfishNo fast periods| Muslim| Halal lamb, beef and chickenNo porkSome cheeseNo milk/yoghurtHalal fish/shellfishFast during ramadan| Christian| Some lambNo porkSome beef and chickenMost cheese/milk/yoghurt/eggsSome fishNo shellfishNo cocoa/tea/coffeeNo fast periods| Jewish| No PorkKosher Beef/chicken/lambNo cheese or milk with meatNo blood spots in eggsNo ShellfishFish with fins and scalesFast periods on Yom Kippur for adults| Sikh| No beefPork rarelySome lambSome chicken and cheeseSome fish and shellfishMilk/yoghurtNo fast periods| Buddhist| Mainly vegetarianEating fish and meat is allowed in Buddhism, though vegetarianism is encouraged. Buddha advised the monks to avoid eating ten kinds of meat for their self-respect and protection: humans, elephants, horses, dogs, snakes, lions, tigers, boars and hyenas. Some animals attack people when they smell the flesh of their own kind. Tibetans will not ever eat fish, and usually stay away from foul. The reason is that different kinds of meat supposedly give different kinds of obscurations. Fish, the obscuration of aggression; foul the obscuration of desire; and red meat the obscruration of ignorance. Evidently, they would take the ignorance over the others. Also, it was generally better to eat red meat because the animal killed was very large and only one life had to be taken to feed many people; with fish, you usually have to take many more lives to fill the same number of stomachs. | Rastafarian| Some lambNo porkSome beef, chicken, cheese, milk yoghurtNo shellfishNo fast periods| EYMP 3 – 5. 4 Educating children in food management and portion control is very important as eating habits developed in childhood will continue into later life. Education starts with the parents and it is in the home where all children’s eating habits are formed. Leaflets should be given to parents when they give birth about properly feeding their children and the importance of nutritional value of food. Nurseries and schools should give regular newsletters to parents with the importance of nutritional value in foods. Educational establishments should educate children and parents about the importance of portion control and ensure that correct portion sizes are given. This message can be reinformed with smaller plates. Health Visitors, school nurseries, health professionals and dieticians are all crucial in spreading the message to children and parents about the importance of healthy eating and portion control. They are also crucial in checking that children are gaining weight healthily but not too much. Encouraging lots of physical play in school/nursery will help in keeping childrens weight under control. Educating children in the importance of not bullying other children who are overweight is also very important. SHC 32 – 1. 1 Job description Look after children and ensure they are kept healthy and safe Ensure all health and safety guidelines are strictly adhered to Carry out risk assessments before any new activities/toys are introduced Devise educational and fun activities for children from age 4 to 11 Supervises activities Supervise children Read to the children Supervise toilet trips Prepare healthy and nutricious snacks for children Keep play areas clean and tidy Assist children with homework Baking with the children SHC 32 1. 2 I am expected to follow the following codes of practice: Safeguarding – ensuring that the children are kept safe whilst in our care and also be very observant as to what happens when the children are not in our care, ie if the children arrive with bruises or if they are upset, shaken or distressed when they arrive or as they are leaving. Also to make sure that other staff treat all the children well and do not mistreat any of them. Whistleblowing Policy – ensuring that if there is anything that we do not feel comfortable about, for example if we feel that one of the staff members are behaving inappropriately towards any of the children, we are expected to report this to our Manager to ensure that action is taken to prevent further mistreatment. Health Safety at Work Act – acting responsibly in the environment in which we work. Ensuring that we follow all guidelines to keep our work place safe and that we keep ourselves, our colleagues and the children safe. National minimum standards – EYFS Welfare Requirements – ensuring that children are developing properly in line with targets set for their ages. National Occupational Standards – Ensuring that we conform to best practice set within the industry to make sure that we are complying with standards set. SHC 32 2. 3 Working practices may be affected if hypothetically my Manager decided that a game of hopscotch was not appropriate for the young children to play but, as a younger person, I believed that it was a safe game to play. I would have a discussion with my Manager and explain why I thought it was safe and my Manager would explain that she had carried out a risk assessment for Hopscotch and decided that it was inappropriate. In a previous role, I did not agree with the way a member of staff disciplined young children when she was unhappy with their behaviour. She shouted at the child without coming down to their level or explaining what the child did. I was uncomfortable with this and brought it to the attention of my Manager who addressed this with the member of staff. This gave me the confidence and experience to ensure that I was very aware of the way my colleagues behaved and to take appropriate action when required. SHC 32 4. 1 I have regular meetings with my Supervisor to discuss how I am progressing within my role and any feedback from parents or colleagues is passed on to me. I have regular meetings with my Manager to discuss my progression where I am asked if I need any additional help or whether I have any comments as to how we can make things better. I regularly meet with my colleagues to discuss planning and how we can make things better for the children and planning activities for the different age groups to ensure all our activities are consistent with each other. I have regular appraisals to monitor my progress and to give and receive feedback about my role and development. I have a college tutor who is there to help me develop my role, develop as an employee and develop my skills as I work towards my Level 3. I frequently research new activities and legislation on the internet to consistently develop. EYMP 4 – 4. 1 It is key to review my practice to ensure that I am fully up to date with latest legislation as things change so frequently and it is important that children are always kept safe and parents are always kept fully informed. It is important to think critically about what I do in my work and analyse how I do it and why I do it that way and asses the effectiveness of what I am doing at work and how I can become more effective. It is something that we need to do regularly to get a clearer picture of what we do in our roles and assess whether we are being really effective.

Franklin D. Roosevelts Foreign Policy

Franklin D. Roosevelts Foreign Policy An encyclopedia on Franklin D. Roosevelts Foreign Policy. Democratic Politician, Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945), started his presidential career as the 32nd President of the United States on Nov 8, 1932. He would go on to serve four terms as President and would introduce key Government programs such as The New Deal and Social Security. Prior to his presidency, he was the governor of New York from 1929 to 1932, an Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920 and Member of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913. Before the election of Roosevelt, the United States of Americas isolationist foreign policy -under the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928 -forbade war as a tool to resolve conflicts; it also forbade the distribution of arms and munitions and implements or other articles for use in war to any country which the President declared was a violator of the Kellogg Pact -this pact was signed by Germany, France, the U.S. and many more.[1] In contrast to Roosevelts victories was his unfortunate choice for the U.S. ambassadorship to Germany (William E. Dodd) on August 30, 1933[2]. Dodd, who did not possess the finesse it took to be a diplomat and knew little about American international policy or European problems, did not speak German well, and spoke too harshly and impulsively of the Nazi movement in the pre-war years; he was also described as a babe-in-the-woods in the dark forests of Berlin,[3] -his appointment is considered as one of Roosevelts biggest political mistakes. After the League of Nations reticence to handle the second Italo-Ethiopian war, Roosevelt, on August the 1st of 1935, urged Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister of Italy, to accept arbitration on the conflict and maintain peace -this declaration was meet with appreciation by Ethiopias Emperor, Haile Selassie, however, the U.S. was very careful not to intervene in the matter.[4] Moreover, In January of 1936, Roosevelt, in response to the injustices of the Treaty of Versailles not being resolved by the League of Nations, said wicked dictators -referring to Germany, Italy and France -have impatiently reverted to the old belief in the law of the sword, or to the fantastic conception that they, and they alone, are chosen to fulfill a missionI recognize that these words which I have chosen with deliberation will not prove popular in any nation that chooses to fit this shoe to its foot.[5] This speech strained the already sensitive relationship between the U.S. and Japan.[6] Upon hearing this, Japanese diplomat and future Japanese Prime Minister, KÃ…Â ki Hirota, said that Americans spoke like they possessed a mandate from God.[7] This sentiment by Hirota was also strengthened because the Roosevelt Administration did not possess the same fear about communism that the Japanese had about a communist Soviet Union.[8] Still clinging to neutrality in European matters, on January the 3rd, 1936, he chided the aggressive spirit of Italy directly and stated earlier that they lacked the finer instincts of world justice.[9] This statement by Roosevelt was met with fury by numerous Italian editors who stated that Mussolini had delayed action in vain for many years and wanted a just allocation of colonial territory.[10] After the German invasion of Poland on September the 1st, 1939, Roosevelt was more inclined to an isolationist strategy that would keep the U.S. out of the European conflicts -the U.S. declared its neutrality on December 5th, 1939.[11] Just four days before the U.S. declared its neutrality, Roosevelt appealed to Finland and the Soviet Union to stop cruelly bombing civilians in defenseless cities/locations during their conflicts.[12] Following the invasion of Poland, Roosevelts foreign policy placed an emphasis on withholding the U.S. from European war while trying to ensure the downfall of Hitlers administration; this approach proved to be popular among Americans who preferred to show solidarity to their European allies, but remain removed from the battles.[13] This conflict would later become known as World War II. With the war raging, Roosevelt still upheld his foreign policy of neutrality, but he also reproached the Italian government. In his popularized Stab in the Back Speech on June 10, 1940, he stated, The people and the Government of the United States have seen with the utmost regret and with grave disquiet the decision of the Italian Government to engage in the hostilities now raging in Europe.[14] During this neutrality, Roosevelt campaigned under the banner of noninvolvement for his third term as President, and he won with 54.7% of the popular vote.[15] The United States neutrality would soon come to an end after the Japanese bombed the United States naval base in Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, and due to this attack, On the evening of December 7, 1941, following the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines, FDR dictated the war message that he read to Congress the next day.[16] Roosevelt also signed Executive order 9066 which imprisoned numerous Japanese-Americans li ving in the U.S.[17] A year after the Pearl Harbor attack, Roosevelts approval rating was at 75% -this was around a 20-point increase from his rating in 1938 (57%), additionally, Roosevelts policies did not noticeably help the Democratic Partys identification figures because identification figures stood around 50% in the late 30s and were back up to 50% in 1945.[18] During the battles of WWII, key events such as the Normandy Landings (D-Day) -in which almost 3 million Allied soldiers landed on the northern coasts of France on June 6th, 1944 -helped turn World War II into a victory for the U.S. and the Allied Powers.[19] On November the 7th, 1944, Roosevelt won the presidential election for the fourth time with 53.4% of the popular vote,[20] and on February the 11th, 1945, Roosevelt met with Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill to discuss the future of post-war Europe.[21] On April the 12th, 1945, Roosevelt died from a cerebral hemorrhage in Warm Springs, Georgia, and his Vice President, Harry S. Truman, then became president.[22] Word Count: 1061 words References Bell, M. (2008). Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe. 1st ed. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center, pp.138-145. Berinsky, A., Powell, E., Schickler, E. and Yohai, I. (2011). Revisiting Public Opinion in the 1930s and 1940s. PS: Political Science Politics, 44(03), pp.515-520. Erdelja, K. (2005). The Second World War. 1st ed. Thessaloniki: CDRSEE. Peters, G. and Wolley, J. (2017). Franklin D. Roosevelt: Appeal to Russia and Finland to Stop Bombing Civilians. [online] Presidency.ucsb.edu. Available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15845. [Accessed 8 Feb. 2017]. Tansill, C. (1952). Back door to war. 1st ed. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company. University of Virginia, (2017). Stab in the Back Speech (June 10, 1940)-Miller Center. [online] Millercenter.org. Available at: http://millercenter.org/president/fdroosevelt/speeches/speech-3317 [Accessed 8 Feb. 2017]. Bibliography Erbelding, R. (2016). FDR4Freedoms: The Life, Times, and Vision of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Journal of American History, [online] 103(3), pp.1-9. Available at: http://fdr4freedoms.org/wp-content/themes/fdf4fdr/DownloadablePDFs/II_HopeRecoveryReform/12_FranklinDRooseveltNewYorker.pdf [Accessed 5 Feb. 2017]. [1] Tansill, C. (1952). Back door to war. 1st ed. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 218. [2] Ibid, 46. [3] Ibid, 46. [4] Ibid, 148. [5] Ibid, 152. [6] Tansill, Back door to war, 152. [7] Ibid, 152. [8] Ibid, 130. [9] Ibid, 244-245. [10] Ibid, 245. [11] Bell, M. (2008). Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe. 1st ed. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center, pp.138. [12] Peters, G. and Wolley, J. (2017). Franklin D. Roosevelt: Appeal to Russia and Finland to Stop Bombing Civilians. [online] Presidency.ucsb.edu. Available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15845. [Accessed 8 Feb. 2017]. [13] Bell, Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe, 138. [14] University of Virginia, (2017). Stab in the Back Speech (June 10, 1940)-Miller Center. [online] Millercenter.org. Available at: http://millercenter.org/president/fdroosevelt/speeches/speech-3317 [Accessed 8 Feb. 2017]. [15] Bell, Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe, pp. 139. [16] Ibid, 143. [17] Bell, Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe, 144. [18] Berinsky, A., Powell, E., Schickler, E. and Yohai, I. (2011). Revisiting Public Opinion in the 1930s and 1940s. PS: Political Science Politics, 44(03), pp.518. [19] Erdelja, K. (2005). The Second World War. 1st ed. Thessaloniki: CDRSEE, 25. [20] Ibid, 27. [21] Ibid,27. [22] Ibid, 28.

The Issues Of George Washington Essay -- essays research papers

Issues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With a new nation facing overwhelming difficulties, George Washington faced the challenges of being the first president to run, shape, and build the foundations of the newly formed United States. Washington came into office with the country in heavy debt, and an empty treasury. With the issues President George Washington was facing, he proved to be a paragon leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One such issue was that of the National debt and creating a National Bank. In 1790, Alexander Hamilton proposed that Congress should establish a national bank, in which private investors could buy stock, could print paper money, and keep government finances safe. Washington signed the bill establishing a national bank and started a strong foundation for a thriving economy and a stable currency.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another extremely important issue Washington faced was that of the Whiskey Rebellion. The whisky rebellion started when a tax was placed upon distilled liquor. The farmers of Pennsylvania completely infuriated at the taxed because Whisky was their most profitable product and their form of money. In 1794, they set up an armed uprising against the taxes. Alarmed by the attack, and following Hamilton’s advice, Washington sent over 12,000 troops into Pennsylvania for peace keeping. This was the first time a national militia was ever used in the new country. Washington’s decision proved to the people that Congress finally had th...

DBQ on Western Front Essay -- essays research papers

DBQ: Settlement of the Western Frontier   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the years between 1840 and 1890, the land west of the Mississippi River experienced a wild and sporadic growth. The natural environment contributed greatly to this growth spurt and helped shape the development of the trans-Mississippi west. The natural environment dictated and facilitated the development of the west by way of determining who settled where, how the people survived, why people wanted to settle, and whether they were successful or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many Americans packed few belongings and headed west during the middle to the late nineteenth century. It was during this time period that the idea of manifest destiny became rooted in American customs and ideals. Manifest Destiny is the idea that supported and justified expansionist policies, it declared that expansion was both necessary and right. America’s expansionist attitudes were prominent during the debate over the territorial rights of the Oregon territory. America wanted to claim the Oregon territory as its own, but Great Britain would not allow that. Eventually the two nations came to an agreement and a compromise was reached, as seen in document B. The first major party of settlers that traveled to the west settled in Oregon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To many families the prospect of owning land was the central driving force that brought them to the land known today as the wild Wild West. Much propaganda wa...

The Effects of Death, Personal Experience and the Supernatural Element

These five poems by Sylvia Plath are all connected by the theme of death, self-loathing, and by the presence of historical, even mythological, concepts. Sylvia Plath uses very powerfully charged imagery of controversial and emotional topics in order to best describe her own life. Most of the poems reflect her own personal life, including the events that she has experienced and, more appropriately, the relationships and emotions that she has felt. Every single one of these five poems uses the word â€Å"dead† and the topic of death itself is prevalent in some manner. Of particular interest is the presence of her relationship with her deceased father, and her own reluctance to let go of his memory. Plath's poetry reflects her own self-loathing and disregard for her own existence. Her poems often mention her own attempts at suicide, in addition to her personal experiences with trying to get rid of her suicidal desires. In each of her poems she evokes the images of historical and mythical creatures and concepts linked with the religious and the supernatural. In addition, her poems can be connected by the idea of being held back or held down by some sort of feeling, either of desire for a loved one, escape from mortal existence or of a fantasy world. . The five poems are all relatively similar in structure, as they are all done with stanzas of continuous set lengths in each poem. â€Å"The Colossus†, â€Å"Daddy† and â€Å"Balloons† are all written in five-line-stanzas. While â€Å"The Colossus† has no particularly obvious rhyme pattern, it does maintain a steady rhythm. â€Å"Daddy† does have a rhyme scheme focusing on the sound â€Å"U†; it is present in every stanza except for one. â€Å"Balloons† does not have a set rhyme scheme, but it does have a sort of flow to it,... ...s." Introduction to English Literature. Comp. Trent University Department of English. Toronto: Canadian Scholars, 2010. Print. (Plath 57) Plath, Sylvia. "Cut." Introduction to English Literature. Comp. Trent University Department of English. Toronto: Canadian Scholars, 2010. Print. Plath, Sylvia. "Daddy." Introduction to English Literature. Comp. Trent University Department of English. Toronto: Canadian Scholars, 2010. Print. Plath, Sylvia. "Lady Lazarus." Introduction to English Literature. Comp. Trent University Department of English. Toronto: Canadian Scholars, 2010. Print. (Plath 55-57) Plath, Sylvia. "The Colossus." Introduction to English Literature. Comp. Trent University Department of English. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press Inc., 2010. Print. Webster's English Dictionary. Canadian. Toronto: Strathearn Books Limited, 2006. Print.

Catholic Social Justice: Justice and Peace Essay

Directions: As you are reading through the chapter, fill in the missing information. Pages 174-196—Christians and Peace 1. Pope Paul VI once wrote, â€Å"If you want peace, work for justice†. 2. In The Challenge of Peacemaking, the American bishops discussed a _spiritual of peacemaking, which begins in the individual’s mind and heart. 3. The bishops recognize that peacemaking is enhanced by those habits that empower us to be good, also known as Spirituality of Peacemaking_. 4. True or False (if false, explain why): Peace is the absence of war. False, peace is more than the absence of war, 5. In the Old Testament, peace is one of the many fruits of keeping the _covenant_. 6. In the New Testament, Christ’s proclamation of the reign of God calls us to _conversion__ in which love is shown to reject revenge and violence and embrace forgiveness. 7. Many Catholics contend that a total commitment to _nonviolence_ is better suited to the gospel witness to peace. 8. Match the levels of violence with their description: A) Counter-violence†¦b†¦where basic rights are denied B) Repressive violence†¦a†¦where an oppressed group responds C) Institutional violence†¦c†¦where those in power repeat the cycle of violence 9. A conscientious objector is someone who opposes war on _conscientious objectors_ while another type refuses to participate in wars considered to be pacifists_. 10. The bishops overwhelmingly affirm the principle of _proportionality_ to spare noncombatants from violence. 11. The proper formation of _just war_ is recognized by Church as an invaluable dimension of determining the moral weight of any military conflict. 12. Match the principles of the Just War tradition with the correct description: A. Just cause ___2 1. Peaceful efforts must have been tried and exhausted B. Legitimate authority ___5 2. An immediate threat to innocent life or human rights C. Comparative justice ___3 3. Representative of the people and the common good D. Right intention ___6 4. The damage inflicted and the good expected must be related E. Probability of success ___7 5. Motivation must be recognized in responsible leadership F. Proportionality ___4 6. The irrational use of force is prevented by this G. Last resort ___1 7. Values should direct conflict 13. When applied to terrorism, the Just War tradition recognizes that terrorist actions are an __grave_ evil that can never be justified. 14. Peacemaking strategies entail two Catholic Social Teaching themes of global _option for the poor_ and a global _solidarity_. 15. In the agenda for peace, the three primary goals are to strengthen _international institutions_ such as the United Nations, work to secure _human rights_ such as the defense of life, and to promote development of _for the poorer nations_, by recognizing the inequality of global wealth. 16. Name and describe two of the four steps recommended to right global inequalities. Improving foreign aid, rectifying trade relationship relieving international debt, ending the arm race, Halting arms trade, and banning landmines.

Outline How Material Things on City Road Favour the Activities

Material things on city road favour the activities of some groups of people over others. I have outlined three specific things on city road that I will be talking about and the different groups of people if favours over others. Firstly there is the Auto trader newsagents, it first opened its doors in the 1930's and has been a family run business since then, and there is the Taste buds cafe, which is the longest established cafe. Also the Macintosh centre.The Auto trader newsagents first opened its doors in the 1930's it is a family run business and the present owner has been working there since 1965, and before that his father ran the newsagents. The shop will favour people shopping for general every day items, also people from the local area who know its there and wanting to keep small local businesses alive. It wouldn't favour people who were on low incomes as there is a Tesco that has opened just 2 blocks away. This has not helped the business of the newsagents and has lowered the sales. 5 years ago a Spar shop opened up close to the Auto trader but that didn't make much difference to the shop. There are not many children in this area and those who do shop here don't seem to use traditional toys. (the street, 2009, scene 3 ) The ethnic minority would not be favoured with this local shop as it wouldn't sell the specific food groups that they may be looking for, also families and students who would be looking for cheaper alternative to local products.The Taste buds cafe is the longest established cafe on City road, they cater for lots of different tastes so will favour people from all different backgrounds. They specially cater for old people, they do this by keeping their prices low and creating a safe environment and providing a community centre. Making and repairing a society through creating a scene of community. (the street, 2009, scene 3 ) This would also favour families with and people in a lower income, but wouldn't favour people without a disposable i ncome as its not a nessisty.They serve Spanish, Greek, English curry's and mousaka. So this would favour people who would want to try different food groups. It favours old people who go their for the community feel, the feeling if safety and security, the elderly like come in to meet up with their friends and talk to the staff who make them feel welcome. There is also the Macintosh centre on city road, which is a locally run sports centre, it was a family home for the Richards hen the Makintoshes and was farm land before being developed into a sports centre. It is the bringing people from outside the area into City road but its making the locals feel unwelcome with its expensive look. So its not favouring the locals with the expensive look of the building outside so its creating a divide between the locals and the outside world. So from that it will favour families and children on a higher income. But wouldn't favour people of a lower income, students and people from the local area. The Macintosh centre are trying to change this perception with local advertising. On a Saturday this all changes as the mackintosh centre changes into a local farmers market, this favours locals, students and families. It also favours people looking to keep things local, fresh and additive free. I moved here a few months ago to begin my studies at Cardiff, for me it offers a way of life I want to support. ( the street, 2009, scene 7)

Consumer Buying Behaviour Essay

INTRODUCTION This paper is based on a group purchase from the popular coffee house Starbucks. All members were to meet and purchase a beverage and analyse the purchase and reflect on emotions and feelings prior to the purchase and also post purchase. Each group member bought something different so we were therefore able to compare each individuals experience. CONSUMER A Problem Recognition Consumer A and the other consumers recognised the need for a place to meet in order to enjoy some food/a drink that was in the centre of town, within a budget and would not require a reservation. Consumer A wanted a drink but also something more filling and exciting than a regular coffee or tea. This would take the consumer from their actual state to their ideal state (Solomon et al 2010). Information Search Due to the high recognition and availability of the brand, when feeling the need of a drink, hot or cold, Consumer A believe that the Starbucks brand recall is one of the strongest out there. Thus meaning that it is the first one the consumer will think of and additionally the brand is widely available. Particularly in Glasgow central, there is a Starbucks on almost every corner, stimulating both her internal and external information state (Solomon et al 2010). Consumer A and the rest of the group decided upon Starbucks, dismissing other rival retailers such as Costa and Caffe Nero The  consumer thought about what drinks she had seen people get and say was nice, this is known as an internal search, Consumer A also saw another female consumer drinking one of the ‘strawberries and cream frappaccino and thought it looked delicious and the pink and white colour combination is very appealing. Evaluation of alternatives Starbucks was chosen from the consumers evoked set (Solomon et al 2010), due to good marketing. Consumer A showed rational behaviour by opting for a drink that is quite filling so that it was less expensive than buying a drink and a separate snack. Consumer A used her prior knowledge of the drinks she had tried from Starbucks and opted for a drink she knew she liked the taste of rather than variety seeking Consumer A finds that the wide range of options in Starbucks means it can be difficult to make a decision, however they allow you to customise your drink which Consumer A likes as you can get exactly as you want. Purchase Consumer A decided on purchasing the strawberries and cream frappaccino. Consumer A enjoyed her experience overall, service was relatively efficient and her drink did not take long. There was low risk and involvement in the purchase, due to its low price (?3.29) and the nature of the product. Consumer A, did however, feel a little panicked when she went to order as you need to stand in the queue to read the menu boards rather than being able to read and decide before joining the queue. This left Consumer A feeling a bit rushed into the decision. Consumer A was offered cream on top, this left them feeling like it was an added extra, leaving them pleased with their purchase. Post-Purchase Consumer A was very pleased with the purchase as it tasted delicious and was very filling. Whilst Starbucks can be perceived to have some overpriced  products, consumer A did not feel like the frappaciano is one of them, so was satisfied, finding it good value for money. However having seen the high calorie content did make it somewhat less enjoyable as it inspires a little bit of post-purchase guilt. Consumer A decided to push aside any feelings of guilt, a manifestation of cognitive dissonance (Arnould et al 2004). Consumer A felt full and no longer thirsty, it had satisfied her sweet craving and so was now in her ideal state. Consumer A will continue to be a regular customer. Consumer A considers what the drink would be if it were a car, animal and person. If the drink were a car it would probably be a convertible, something fun, quite flash and expensive. If the drink were an animal it would be something relatively exotic and colourful, like a bird of paradise. If the drink was a person, they would be very sweet, probably relatively young, vivacious and excitable, possibly flirty. CONSUMER B The group recognise a problem when they decide they want to meet up but need the convenience of somewhere that does not require a reservation. There are several stores offering similar products in the surrounding area, Costa, Starbucks, Pret a Manger and other less branded coffee shops; constructive processing means the decision to go to Starbucks is made rather quickly; the decision was almost automated due to the knowledge of Starbucks’ product range (Solomon et al, 2010). The group perform an internal search to locate a Starbucks within walking distance from their current position. Whilst in line to order consumer B browses the many drinks on the menu considers the possible flavours and quickly decides to purchase a large cup of tea. The tea is chosen as it is consumer B’s favourite hot drink. As the decision to buy tea was made easily by consumer B there was time left to survey the cakes and biscuits on offer while in the queue; consumer B decided to make a hotspot purchase of a cookie to accompany the tea. Consumer B enjoys the purchase of tea and a cookie which cost ?3.70 which  consumer B believes to be competitively priced with rival stores but overpriced in relation to the cost of manufacture however this has not ruined the experience. Overall the experience was a positive one; service was quick, the store was laid out efficiently, staff were friendly, consumer B enjoyed the social aspect that was made possible due to the homely store and the purchase was satisfactory too. Consumer B considers what tea would be if it was a type of car, animal and person and determines, if a car it would be a Volkswagen Golf as it is without significant changes; if an animal it would be a dog or cat as is a lifelong companion; and if a person someone who was comforting, friendly and dependable. Tea has all of these characteristics to consumer B. (Solomon et al, 2010, pg314) CONSUMER C The group recognise a problem as to what time to meet up, as some group members are not nearby the selected Starbucks, and others only have a small amount of time due to work commitments. They decide to meet as soon as possible at a set point (Starbucks Buchanan Galleries) and to purchase their products as soon as they can so that all members can be involved, and the members that need to leave will just order take-away cups. Consumer C knew that they would need to leave for work soon after she had met the group at Starbucks, so their first thought was that it would be ideal to pick up a take-away cup. This is problem recognition (Solomon et al, 2010) in the customer realising they were currently purchasing a product, but would soon need to leave the location where the product is generally consumed. Pre-purchase research had taught them that Starbucks offer a take-away service. Having made this decision, consumer C now considered her options for a drink. Not particularly liking tea or coffee consumer C decides to buy a hot chocolate, and makes it a small as they are not that hungry. As consumer 2 is paying the cashier offers them cream and marshmallows for a small extra price, and so makes a hotspot decision to purchase cream for on top of the hot chocolate. Consumer C enjoyed the purchase of hot chocolate with cream. It was ideal that they could sit and enjoy the drink with the rest of the group, but leave slightly earlier without having to stop drinking their purchase due to the take-away cup. Compared to home-made products was a lot more enjoyable due to extra touches such as cream and the ability to sit with friends in a comfortable and relaxed environment. Consumer C reflects on their experience of the purchase of a hot chocolate for ?3.40. It was more satisfying than home-made products due to the services it comes with, and was an enjoyable experience with friends. If this product was a car Consumer C thinks it would be a Volkswagen Beetle as it is sweet and almost a bit childish. If it was an animal it would be a sloth because it is relaxed and happy. If it was a person it would be a grandmother type figure, as it is used to cheer people up and as an almost comfort-blanket type product. CONSUMER D The consumers decided to meet to discuss group work issues. Upon deciding a meeting place, there were a few options considered by the consumers: a restaurant or a cafe, as they would provide the perfect space and atmosphere in order to carry out the meeting without any major interruptions and would allow them their own space. Most of the group had already eaten lunch as this was around 2pm, so it was then decided that a cafe would be the most suitable place to meet, allowing them to also enjoy a relaxing hot drink and possibly a cake/pastry. Consumer D already had an idea of a place which would offer the group what they required, due to â€Å"Internal information search†. Consumer D regularly visited Starbucks and had never been let down by their services, they had a very positive image of the brand. They also remembered reading â€Å"Find your local Starbucks and visit us in store for your perfect latte!†(Starbucks official website 2012) on their official website, which coincidently happened to be their favourite hot beverage. A short conversation was  undertaken which involved assessing the nearby coffee shops such as Costa coffee and Pret a Manger, (mainly those who were branded, as the knowledge of their products and services were the highest) it was decided that Starbucks was the preferred option by all consumers. Upon arriving at the nearest Starbucks, consumer D already had decided what drink they were going to purchase (a latte) as they had previously enjoyed the same drink many times before and it was their favourite. As consumer D waited in the queue (queues are present nine times out of ten in most Starbucks although that never hindered the experience) they were faced with all of the cakes and sandwiches that the cafe had to offer. Although consumer D had just eaten lunch, they were almost at eye level with their favourite cake and made a rash decision to purchase it as they usually enjoyed it alongside their favourite drink. After ordering, the assistant then asked for consumer D’s name, to place on the order, to give it a personal touch, to make experience somewhat more pleasant. Taking into consideration all the qualities of the drink, the consumer decided that if it was to be compared to a car, it would most resemble an Audi as it was a safe option, it was reliable and not just a regular coffee, it was an upgraded sophisticated version. If the drink was to be compared to a person, it would most resemble a woman/mother in a well-paid occupation as it gives vibes of confidence and sophistication, due to the sharp coffee taste but also an understanding and warming vibe due to milk being the basis of the drink. It was then considered that if the latte was an animal it would be a Persian Cat, mostly due to the similarity of the colours and the cuddly yet classy image that they project. Consumer D was just as impressed as they always were with their Starbucks purchase; they believe that the brand is very consistent with the quality of their products which draws them in as they never have the risk of being disappointed. Although it cost them ?5.25 for a coffee and a cake, it was not grudged as it is now accepted as the norm for all branded coffee shops. Consumer D had also enjoyed the free Wi-fi, as it assisted the group whilst they were enjoying their beverages so they could socialise, discuss and  research all at the same time. Consumer D identified that the purchase was one of low involvement as during the information search, it was limited and not many options were considered; when it came to the purchase, they knew what they wanted to buy, they didn’t have look into any other product – the behaviour was habitual and post purchase, there was little evaluation on the purchase and no research was undertaken. CONSUMER E Prior to the visit to Starbucks, Consumer E was thrilled at the chosen place of purchase. Consumer E is familiar with the American Coffee House and visits regularly. Although Consumer E has been countless times before, this experience was to be different and the trip was to be made with a group of friends who had not spent time with each other before. Consumer E felt wary and anxious about how the group would all get along and how the experience would be. Consumer E was more concerned about the people attending the meeting than actually making the purchase. Consumers E was considering whether to stick with the regular order or try something new to add to the whole ‘new’ experience. Consumer E gathered information from the Starbucks website on what other beverages and snacks they serve to be prepared for meeting. Consumer E had decided on the purchase going to be made, however, before doing so, compared alternatives on the menu by analysing nutrition information. Consumer E then confirmed her choice before the day of the meeting. Friday 15th February was the day the group planned to meet at the Coffee House. Consumer E was running late so felt rushed when arriving. The remainder of the group were already sitting down, chatting, and seemed delighted that Consumer E had finally arrived. After around 5 minutes of brief chat, the group were ready to make their purchase. As everyone made their way to order, Consumer E realised that the firmed choice of hazelnut hot chocolate was not desired any longer. Consumer E had been in such a great rush to get to the meeting that the needs had changed and now craved something cold and refreshing. The queue was terribly long, so Consumer E had plenty of time to evaluate alternatives. When the caramel Frappuccino had been ordered, Consumer E felt no warmth and friendliness from the staff, which is normally the atmosphere created in Starbucks. The staff did ask the  name of the consumer to write on the cup, which is a nice, personal touch. The member of staff questioned whether the consumer would enjoy cream on their beverage or would prefer without. Consumer E agreed to the cream and made the purchase of ?3.29. After making the purchase, Consumer E realised there was no up sell of snacks or biscuits which the felt was disappointing and thought effort was lacking from the staff members. When the drink was ready, it was made aware that it was served in a plastic cup even though the consumer had stated they were sitting in. When arriving back at the table to join the remaining group members, Consumer E felt slightly out of place as the other members were sipping from large, Starbucks stamped mugs. Their experience seemed more homely, warm and comforting whereas Consumer E felt their Frappuccino was over-priced to be served in a plastic cup, with a straw. The consumer understood that the type of drink is slightly different; however, the purchase made should not affect the overall experience of consuming in such a place where expectations are so high. Consumer E felt as though they had been given a take away, and although the beverage was lovely, it would have been more enjoyable if it had been consumed the same way as the other group members; from a mug like you’re sitting at home! Overall, the experience of the purchase was slightly disappointing; however, Consumer E loves the social aspect of Starbucks. If the consumer had the chance to indulge in the atmosphere predicted before the purchase was made, then the outcome may have been different. CONSUMER COMPARISON Problem Recognition The consumers recognised a variety of reasons as to why they made their purchase. Consumer A was thirsty and wanted something quite filling, Consumer B wanted a drink and a snack, Consumer C wanted the convenience of a takeaway cup, Consumer D wanted a drink and was also hungry for a cake, and Consumer E also wanted a drink. All the consumers identified the need  for somewhere convenient and not too expensive to meet. Information Search The consumers used different methods of collecting information. The choice of Starbucks was largely based on all the consumers’ previous experiences and awareness of the brand, showing successful marketing, as all of the consumers noted that they had previously been and it was thought of as an easy and convenient choice. Consumer E, D and A admit to being regular customers, thus illustrating not only their brand loyalty but also how integrated the ‘Starbucks’ brand is within consumers internal search, strong brand recall (Solomon et al 2010). Consumer E also used an external search by looking at the product options prior to their trip, comparing prices and calories. Additionally Consumer D recalled knowledge of one of the brands advertisements on their website. Evaluation of Alternatives The evaluation of alternatives was somewhat unique for each consumer. Consumer E had decided upon their purchase beforehand, Consumer D stuck to her favourite drink, whilst Consumers C, B and A perused the menu and made more impulsive decisions from the extensive menu. Consumer A was relatively price conscious. All the consumers evaluated whether they would enjoy the purchase beforehand and stuck to drinks they had tried before to avoid disappointment. Purchase Consumers had different experiences when making their purchases, despite it being the same staff. Whilst Consumer E was disappointed by the lack of up-sell, Consumer A thought this was a positive aspect of the experience as she felt that being pressured into purchasing more is a turn-off. Whilst Consumers A, C and D were okay with the price, Consumer B thought it slightly overpriced especially in relation to the manufacture cost of her tea; however all the consumers agreed on the enjoying the social aspects of  the Starbucks experience. Post-Purchase Evaluation The consumers post purchase evaluations also differed despite being together in the same Starbucks at the same time. Personal preference would be best identified as the driving force behind why some Consumers were more pleased with their purchases than others. Due to the nature of the products purchased the consumers were able to test the product immediately. Consumer A was pleased with her purchase despite a little post-purchase guilt and experiencing a little post purchase dissonance, Consumer E was left slightly disappointed with their purchase, whilst consumers B, C and D were all satisfied, describing it as a positive experience and purchase. Whilst Consumer E was left unhappy with the fact their frappacciano came in a take away cup, this was seen as a positive for Consumer C, for whom the ease of the plastic cup allowed them not to rush before heading to work commitments. CONCLUSION In conclusion, consumers A, B, C, D, and E, all used the ‘Individual Decision Making Process’ when going about their purchase from Starbucks. Consumers A and purchased their drink through need as well as want, they were thirsty. Consumers C and were more driven by want as they weren’t particularly hungry or thirsty. In the Information search stage, all the consumers followed a relatively similar pattern, due to the high brand awareness of Starbucks and its easy availability. None of the consumers set an exact budget, but all the purchases retailed under ?7. On the whole all the Consumers, except consumer E who expressed a little disappointment, had a positive experience and Consumers E and D are already loyal customers. Therefore they are likely to go back and continue to purchase from Starbucks. The consumers’ decision making processes are somewhat unique and are more complex due to the extensive menu and options available. REFERENCES James R. Bettman, ‘The Decision Maker Who Came in from the Cold’ (presidential address), in Leigh McAllister and Michael Rothschild (eds), Advances in Consumer Research 20 (Provo, U.T.: Association for Consumer Research, 1993): 7-11; John W. Payne, James R. Bettman and Eric J. Johnson, ‘Behavioural decision research: A constructive processing perspective’, Annul Review of psychology 4 (1992): 87-131; J.R. Bettman, M.F Luce and J.W. Payne ‘Constructive consumer choice processes’, Journal of Consumer Research 25(3) (December 1998): 187-217; for an overview of recent developments in individual choice models, see Robert J. Meyer and Barbara E. Kahn, ‘Probabilistic Models of Consumer Choice Behaviour’, in Thomas S. Robertson and Harold H. Kassarjian (eds), Handbook of Consumer Behaviour (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1991): 85-123. Cited in Consumer Behaviour a European Perspective, 2010, fourth edition: Prentice Hall Michael R. Solomon, Gary Damossy, Soren Askegaard, Margaret K. Hogg, 2010, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective, Fourth Edition: Prentice Hall http://starbucks.co.uk/promo/mondays-can-be-great Solomon, Bamossy, Askegarrd and Hogg, (2006), Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall. Arnould. E, Price. L, Zinkhan. G, (2004). Consumers, (2nd ed), McGraw-Hill.

Business and management Essay

Introductions (Task1) In this task I will talk about the interpersonal and communicational skills, in the task I will demonstrate a role play to identify my interpersonal and communicational skills. After I demonstrate the role play my colleagues will give feedback where I need to improved it, than i will mention how can i improve my interpersonal and communicational skills. Lastly i will mention how key management functions may be met more effectively through the use of key interpersonal and communicational skills. Findings P4) What interpersonal and communication skills can you bring and why? Interpersonal skills are the skills connected with dealing with the people and working with other efficiency to make the business success. Interpersonal skills are used often into business contexts to refer to the measure of a person’s ability to operate within business organisation. Interpersonal skills including:   Working with other harmoniously Evaluating and excepting responsibilities   Understanding measured to respond conflicts   Working in team effectively Working with other harmoniously means we need to make sure the teams are get on with there responsibly and to check them whether if they are working together with out no arguing, it is better individuals to work together to achieve the success of the business. Evaluating and excepting responsibilities means as a manager we have set a target for the employees and they can be used for the individual or teams, the manager has to chase the employees whether if they getting on the responsibilities that is been given individually or as teams, after that the manager has to evaluate the have achieved the target that is been sat if its acceptable or not. Understandings measured the respond of conflicts first full its generally understood that communicating respect other people or professionals within the work place will enable to reduce the conflicts. And increase participations or assistance in obtaining information or completing tasks. Working in team effectively this is one of the important of the interpersonal skills, as a manger we have to check employees are work together as team cooperatively. The business to achieve a success it require employees working together effectively, effective teams are an intermediary goal toward getting goods, sustainable result, and at the end of the if the business become success the employees a accomplish they goals and will share the credit with the business. Communication skills are also skills connected the dealing with the people in the process by which the information exchange. Communications skills used often into business contexts, there are skills related to communication skills, these are: Formal and informal Tone of voice Body language Visual communication Formal or informal style of communication can also be used in written, some pieces of written such as letter or journal tend to be a formal whereas email and popular magazine article tends to be informal. The important thing with communication is to use the right form for the right purpose. Managers needs to think carefully about how to communication the employees appropriately. Tone of voice: Their impress are based on tone and the quality of voice. Verbal communication extends beyond words, audible sound, transfer meaning, in additional tone or attitude communication some times. Body language: Open body stance and positioning invite communication and interaction, whereas the close body stance a positioning impedes communication, using an open body language posture improves the communication with the employees, both managers and employees to learn to read each other body language. Visual communication: People communicate with the ayes as well as the ears. Communication occur cues of body language and facial expression, aye contact is the communication connector, making ayes contact helps confirm attention and interest between the manager and the employees. M2) Based on my experience of the role play, Explain how you could improve your own interpersonal and communicational skills. My role play I am a manager in new retail which owns a business man called Mr Tosh. And I feel that I have a problem to solve when i saw the feelings of the staff are unmotivated and feel that their job is not secure. In the class i discuss with my staff, i sat a SMART to ensure the business get back on track, we agree, me and my staff. One of the our agreement was if you achieve the target that in October if the sales go up 20% i will pay 10% bonus, and if you continue performing well and achieving the goal that we have agreed you job will be secure. Other points that we agreed was. To give continuation training Give bonus (reward the staff if they met the target) Cut the reward (if they done bad, down the sales performance) My interpersonal and communication skills Through the role play in the class, i got a feed back of my interpersonal and communication skills, after i get the recommendation. They suggested me that i need to improve some areas below. In verbal skills- i am not good at controlling my tone of voice in discussion, because i feel when i speak to my staff my English is not good enough. That makes me can not use the vary tone, pace, and loudness to stand out the points when i speaking. Non verbal skills_ my body language, i haven’t performed an aye contact and i haven’t smile in the conversation with my employees; because I my self I haven’t got enough confidence and that make me deal tense in the conversation. Improvement In the tone of voice; if I have varied of tone pace and loudness that can stand out the main points of my speech; that makes my audiences easier to grasp and got interest to listen my speech, in my problem, my English is not good enough to make my speech tense, i should be calm and concentrate first, a think what i have to say before i speak, make more preparation before i speak, and try excise with my tone, pace and loudness at home. My SMART objectives are: Spend 30 minute at each time for preparation before the role play and read newspapers with tone, pace and loudness in another 20 minute every two weeks. If it improvement my speaking skills after practice, that may let me speak more clear smooth and with vary tone, this also improve my English. The non verbal skills_ i haven’t look at staff with smile when i was performing my role play, because i was feeling that i am tense. I looked down when i was talking which may see the staff that i am weak, and not smiling the also may see that i am angry, anxious and not honesty. I should be calm, concentrate and make more preparation, so I set my self a SMART target to let me achieve: Spend 10 min more in preparation for the role play, and do more preparation as I said above, if I make more preparation, i can stay be more relax, calm and confidence than before, so that i can make an aye contact with a smile to the others. Start from now I will practice speak to the people with aye contact and smile when I talk, and i believe it will become a habit, then i can do that without thinking every time when I am suppose to speak. D2) Evaluate ways in which key management functions may be met more effectively through the use of key interpersonal and communicational skills. There are some key management functions, such as management resource, employees’ motivation, performance monitoring, reward and leadership. Those skills i have mentioned above can be met through the use of interpersonal and communication skills, that are the skills managers must be known, the reason is because having identified the roles of management its important to look at the employees’ capable of fulfilling the role and meet the challenges. There are examples below: Employees’ motivation: when we set a plan or target for the employees, we need to motivate then to cooperate and achieve it; employees usually work efficiency when they feel that they have been consulted about their target that they need to achieve. If the employees perform well and achieve the target, we need to reward them with appreciation and persuade them to set a new target. For example in the role play, i have sat a target and encouraged and motivated my staff to achieve it, after i have informed them and discuss what needs to be done, they really feel that they have achieved the target. Those are the interpersonal and communication skills the managers needs to persuade the employees to achieve it. Management resources: the management resource i have chosen to give and example in Human Resource. Sometimes managers may curry out decision the staff might not agree with, in that case manager needs to use interpersonal skills to persuade the employees to agree with him, at the end if the staff can not accepted, that might create conflict and they may curry out industrial action. Managers also need to resolve any conflict that comes up. Skills of management of conflict needed at all levels and all type of organisations. Performance monitoring and reward management needs to have good interview skills, for example an appraisal purpose, this has one technique to encourage them in the interview and make them relax and co-operate with the other staff. This is needs a body language such as tone of voice posture eye contact to suit the interview, if the employees feel relax, it easier to persuade them to achieve the target. The aim of appraisal is to set objective to the employees, usually at the start of the interview, they will look at if the staff achieve the objective set before the next interview, if they achieve the target, them you will pursued them to set another target again and again, at the end of the every quarter the manager have pay bonus to the staff to motivate. If they are not achieve the target the manager needs to persuade the staff to improve the performance or even discipline them they have continue achieve bad performances Introduction (Task2) In this task I will be giving two scenarios of how management activity can raise performance. Mr Tosh believes a good management lies in the planning and monitoring of system in place. For me to pass the second part of the show I will be given and open book time constraint covering the following. To explain how the aims and objectives may be achieved through planning and monitoring. Finding All businesses need to plan and monitored regardless of how small or large they are. For example, possibility plans need to be prepared in the eventuality of a setback which has a direct impact upon the way which the business goes about behaviour its business activities, normally by the same token, the importance of strategic planning for an organisation cannot be stressed enough. The strategic plan acts as a purpose for which the business seizes to exist; it highlights aims and objectives which need to be fulfilled by all the members of staff in order for the company to achieve both its short and long term objectives.   

Program Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Program Development - Essay Example Working people have workload pressure and due to workload sometimes, they face frustration, mood swings and lose their mental calm leading to a state known as depression. Moreover, it is vital to state that people with depression do not even realize their illness and avoid consulting doctors. This is also regarded as a serious illness, which might lead to suicide attempt. From a medical perspective, it is situation where the mood and behaviour of people changes and affects their decision taking capability. Therefore, a program should be developed in the society for the people who face depression problem to increase awareness related to its impacts and symptoms. The purpose of the program is to improve the quality of life of people by increasing awareness and providing them better opportunities to live the life effectively (Cook, Burke & Petersen, 2004).This paper also deals with the recreational experiences along with the activities, which are involved in the program. This paper intends to provide a better insight to what the program will deal with and the time it will devote towards the welfare of people. The educational program can be most appropriate program to create awareness among people who face depression problem along with people who are not facing the depression problem. Through educational programs, people will be able to increase their knowledge about how they can reduce their depression or mental problem and secure their health for a better life and mental problem (CDC, 2012). Educational program will be effective to identify the reason for such problem and analyse the same based on symptoms. Through the educational program, people of society can obtain information about the basic signs along with symptoms of depression (Hutchinson, 2011). The major aim of the educational program is to create awareness among people and enhance their knowledge

Network topology design & layout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network topology design & layout - Essay Example The company will also need two WWW servers so that one is for its internal management and another for external users. Furthermore, a mail server will also be crucial in this case. For the sake of ABC company security, it is crucial that outsiders should not gain access to the internal CVS or internal WWW servers whatsoever. For a start-up open source software company as the company ABC, it would be a great challenge to fully implement an effectively secured network. In this study we therefore purpose to realize the company with the above specifications. Below is a graphical representation of the network design layout. It is very risky running an entire company on a personal computer. The ABC Company needs to watch over servers that handle the web based systems with advanced expertise. Such servers in this case include CVS and WWW servers. In terms of security assumptions, it is important for the company to make its security appear good as argued by Cheswick et al (2003) that this is enough to deter attackers. It is also important to make simple security arrangement since complex things are harder to comprehend and might even be nightmare to their designer (Cheswick et al, 2003, pp.5). For a young company as ABC, it would be inappropriate to use huge security-sensitive programs because in most cases such programs have acted as sources of security problems. Furthermore, the companys network designer must keep security assumptions in mind and see to it that the security is an integral part of the original design. Let us begin by considering this typical policy: Internal users are trusted, and with permitted Internet access they are able to initiate ongoing TCP connections, issue DNS queries, be able to run ping trace-route and set their clock aided by external time server (Cheswick et al, 2003, pp.5). Secondly, the outsiders should not be able to initiate access to the internal world.

HR Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Management - Essay Example hree expatriates were assigned the positions of Director of Engineering, Manufacturing and Finance however, they had very little knowledge to Chinese market for example, Director of Finance was from Singapore and he did not have much knowledge about Chinese financial system. Before starting the JV in China Filtration Inc should have also considered the development and maintenance of the competencies of its people especially the expatriates. Although company provided language tutorials to its expatriates and orientation trainings however, to reduce the operational difficulties in an entirely different environment, company did not focus on inadequate health conditions, performance management systems, morale problems and discipline. To select the expatriates company did not follow any strong selection process. When the company showed its intentions to expand internationally, James showed his interest to his international human resource manager to take part in international assignments. Moreover, he has been showing his interest for international assignments during performance appraisals. When the company planned to start its JV in Tokyo, the company announced to hire a younger, more politically connected fast tracker. The company made a formal announcement and the expatriate position was promoted as a consolation prize. However, no interview or any kind of test was conducted. James was selected entirely based on his long term association with the company and because of his interest. Following is the model presented by Ronen to select an expatriate. The model shows that a company should consider job factors, relational dimensions, motivational stat, family situation and language skills while selecting an expatri ate. On the other hand, only motivational state and family situation of James were considered to select him as an expatriate in an entirely different culture of China. Although James was very enthusiastic and motivated for this assignment which makes him a

Modern operating system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern operating system - Research Paper Example Microsoft’s Windows on the other hand is the opposite and it does not allow the users to bring about the changes in the source code or modify it. Apple Inc itself is a closed source operating system. The open source nature of Android makes it relatively flexible and more appealing towards the programmers. The added advantage of open source operating system is the presence of platforms and online societies supported by the given operating systems developer companies. The open source function provides the respective operating system an edge in the context of software support and software development. Android exhibits support for Linux based kernel, but this is not to be confused with the Linux operating system. The libraries of Android operating system vary considerably from those of the Linux operating system. The use of Dalvik Virtual machine by Android is a characteristic feature of Android which gives it an edge over the contemporary operating systems as well as the Linux op erating system. The run time features include Dalvik as well as the libraries functions support. The Windows O.S kernel has seen considerable improvement in the recent times. It provides features such as System on Chip (SOC) along with the feature of User Mode Driver Framework (UMDF). In the recent times, the Microsoft O.S has come up with a dynamic outlook in the form of user platform and SOC supported kernel. Apple’ I.O.S kernel is a derivate of Unix Based system, however it does not copy or resemble the kernel of Linux or Android for each has its own designated and specific kernel.