Irregular Religions Essay -- Social Issues, Poverty

Perhaps the strongest basis for one critics belief that Major Barbara had an utter want of the religious sense comes from the piety and adopted religion of Andrew Undershaft. An armorer, Undershaft founded his creed on the belief that honor, justice, truth, and mercy are graces and luxuries of a rich, strong, and safe life (93). To Undershaft, social problems such as sloth and inebriation rump be traced back to poverty, for a mans first duty, to which every other consideration should sacrificed, is not to be poor (15). Shaw makes this point distinctly in the plays preface, and argues his own cynical views through the mouth of Undershaft. Shaw explains through Undershaft that poverty is the worst of all crimes (142). The impoverished poison the country morally and physically they force those not poor to do away with their own liberties and to organize unnatural cruelties for fear that the poor should rise against the wealthy and drag the wealthy down into their abyss (142). Life has proven to Undershaft that money is a divinity on Earth money allowed him to raise his family comfortably despite the less-than-reputable source from which he obtained it (namely, war). Because his faith of money and gunpowder is unconventional in its generally strict focus on the economic aspects of life, the faith leaves little room for the traditional spiritualism and morality of religion. Undershaft admits that he would not have the income of a poor man for all his conscience (88). In Undershafts religion, typical morality that is, earning money in a respectable way, believing death and demise are abominations, and seeing God as that which rules the world has no place. Undershaft takes advantage of the ... ...ara has learned from the Army, a starving man will say anything to get the bread, furthering Crosstianity or else than absolving his soul (142). While Shaw respects the Salvation Armys intentions in trying to rid the country of poverty, he believes only a revolution can destroy it completely and that the Armys attempt to save people individually is ultimately futile. The Army is not saving their souls rather, it forces them to sin by deceit to gain food. Barbara comes to this understanding at the end of the play, and by it she is converted again to the saving of souls, this time through the raising of hell to heaven and of man to God essentially, by bringing goodness and spirituality into her fathers factory of death (152). Through her strength and spirituality Barbara finds hope and reaffirms the true, if unconventional, Christianity she practices.

Freud’s Impact on Bronte’s Wuthering Heights and Giorgio de Chirico’s T

Freuds Impact on Brontes Wuthering Heights and Giorgio de Chiricos The Vexations of the Thinker The 1920 publication of Beyond the Pleasure Principle formalise a meaningful shift in Sigmund Freuds theory of sexual drive his original hypothesis distinguished the ego intellects from the sexual instincts. Subsequent psychoanalytic researches draw in him to refine this configuration . . . psycho-analysis observed the regularity with which libido is withdrawn from the object and directed on the ego (the process of introversion) and, by studying the libidinal development of children in its earliest phases, came to the conclusion that the ego is the true and original reservoir of libido, and that it is only from that reservoir that libido is extended on to objects. 1 Freud recognizes the narcissistic nature of sexual instinct still clings to a dual (read non-Jungian) model for instinctual drive. He . . . describes the opposition as being, not between ego-instincts and sexual instin cts plainly between life instincts and cobblers last instincts (Freud 64). Freud sees the natural finish of the sexual drive as reproduction - life - and the natural goal of the ego as death. This newest polarity leads to Freuds exploration of the so-called perversions, sadism and masochism, as they characterize the death instinct. It may seem odd to equate sadism with narcissism considering that a sadist receives pleasure only from anothers pain. But is it not plausible, Freud asks, to suppose that this sadism is in fact a death instinct which, under the influence of the narcissistic ego, has been forced away from the ego and consequently only emerged in relation to the object? He goes on to explain tha... ...irico builds a wall of narcissism to entrap his solitary figure. This fact leads me to draw a parallel between the figure in de Chiricos painting and Charlotte Bronts Heathcliff. Both suffer unnecessarily. Arguably, both(prenominal) would be better off dead. But their p ain keeps them going even as it slowly kills them. Life serves death serves . . . life. Yes, we are slowly moving toward death, but each step is a lively one. Works Cited 1 Sigmund Freud. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1961 (62). Hereafter cited parenthetically. 2 During the oral stage of organization of the libido, the act of obtaining erotic restraint over an object coincides with that objects destruction (Freud 65). 3 Charlotte Bront. Wuthering Heights. New York TOR Books, 1989 (177). Hereafter cited parenthetically.

Brains, Blood, Sweat, and Tears :: essays papers

Brains, Blood, Sweat, and TearsYou can accomplish anything with thought and hard domesticate Justin Craig-KuhnTo overcome obstacles is human. When something stands in our way, its Give me liberty or give me death in many cases. No matter how difficult a dispatch may seem, hard work and determination will pull us through (or at least, thats what we tell ourselves). In many cases, it turns out that we do pull through, beating the odds, feeling a great sense of accomplishment in the process. A case and point of this would be the technological and architectural marvels advanced humanity has created. Indeed, this is exactly what is represented in these two works.Memorial Bridge seems to capture the essence of human effort. This nearly impressionistic piece depicts a characterisation in which workers are constructing a bridge in the foreground. Receding into the horizon is what looks to be a highly industrialized city (for 1932) , with smoke rising into the shine from factory smokestacks. The fact that parts of this piece seem to be painted in an impasto fashion, coup guide with the rather bland colors that make up the piece, leads to the liking of slow but steady movement. Indeed, when I look at this piece, I feel as though I am included in this company of workers, helping them to overcome the obstacle of constructing this bridge. If the background goes to show what this city has already accomplished, the foreground tells me that the work is still in progress. In fact, I am led to the idea that our work is never done we continually strive for bigger and bigger challenges. Only our blood, sweat, and tears stand in the way of great existent accomplishments.The second painting, by Peters, also represents the idea of human effort. The technique used to paint this picture seems to be very calculated, but simple, hinting that this tectonic painting is somewhat the mind. The huge suspension bridge that is shown seems to disappear into the vastness o f the blue sky, reminding me of the old saying The skys the limit, even though this no all-night holds true (the pictures point exactly). This directly leads to the conclusion that this piece is about the abilities of the human mind to overcome problems. The suspension bridge was a rather new invention at the time this piece was painted, leading me to believe that Peters probably looked on this architectural giant as we would look at a space shuttle today (i.

The Silence of the Lambs - Hannibal Lecter, American Idol Essay

The quiet of the Lambs - Hannibal Lecter, American Idol Few modern horror movies have matched the critical acclaim of Jonathan Demmes 1991 The Silence of the Lambs, featuring Anthony Hopkins as Dr. Hannibal Lecter, the cannibal psychiatrist. The film, along with Alfred Hitchocks psychotic person (1960), is one of few horror/suspense films accepted by movie critics as one of the best American films ever produced. However, as the trilogy of movies in the Hannibal Lecter serial progressed, many feared that the character would become commercialized, as he has in many ways. In the two subsequent films, Ridley Scotts sequel, Hannibal (2001), and Brett Ratners 2002 prequel, Red Dragon, Lecter often seems more of a scoff of himself, playing up the larger-than-the-screen status bestowed upon him after Anthony Hopkinss superior performance in Lambs. While many critics were upset at the commercialization of one of the greatest characters in the history of American cinema, an even mor e interesting change may be indicated through the characters acceptance in mainstream culture. Hannibal Lecter is a different type of cannibal monster than those previously seen in horror films, as shown through his motivations and criminal actions, and has been accepted by the audience as an anti-hero instead of the antagonist of the movie. Cannibalism has become a prevalent theme in horror movies since the 1960s. According to Robin Wood, the cannibalism motif functions in two ways. Occasionally, members of a family devour each other . . . . More frequently, cannibalism is the familys intend of sustaining or nourishing itself (84). The latter theme has been seen throughout several movies, including Tobe Hoopers cult classic The ... ..., both the intellectual and the primal self. And, whether most viewers would admit it or not, he is, in many ways, the type of person we are encouraged to be. Works CitedEbert, Roger. The Silence of Lambs. Chicago Sun-Times. 14 Feb. 1991.Gre gory, Bettina. Hannibal Lecter The Honey in the Lions Mouth. American diary of Psychotherapy 56.1 (2002) 100-14.Martingale, Moira. Cannibal Killers The History of Impossible Murders.New York Carroll, 1993.Sagan, Eli. Cannibalism Human Aggression and Cultural Form. New York Harper, 1974.Sanday, Peggy Reeves. Divine Hunger Cannibalism as a Cultural System. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1986. The Silence of the Lambs. Dir. Jonathan Demme. Orion, 1991.Wood, Robin. The American Nightmare Horror in the 70s. Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan. New York Columbia UP, 1986.

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River valley The argue for dominance in the Ohio River valley spanned a condemnation from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion proceed it would harm their way of life, trench upon their homeland, and sterilize their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how perseverance and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier.Anglo-Americans that will be examined as important in the formation of the Ohio River V alley atomic number 18 Daniel Boone, Henry corpse, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing confederation these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and civilize the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevancy of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society sensual and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americanscouldnt entirely remove them from existence, and instantly we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what live? Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History NativStruggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-Am erican conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier.Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and civilize the west, these men were forced int o a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed fro m their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americanscouldnt entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost?

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River valley The fence for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a cadence from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by intrinsic American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a booking for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a sure world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continue it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and patch up their resources scarcer. The difference of opinion for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier.Anglo-Americans that will be examined as authoritative in the formation of the Ohio River Valley be Daniel Boone, Henry ashes, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their seek to expand and civilize the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society innate and unnerved of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to refer further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americanscouldnt entirely remove them from existence, and today we are first to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what approach? Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History NativStruggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American c onflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier.Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and civilize the west, these men were forced into a stru ggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americanscouldnt entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost?

A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-six

DaenerysThe shopping center was steaming in the cool regular(a)ing air when Khal Drogo set it earlier her, raw and bloody. His fortification were red to the elbow. Behind him, his bloodriders knelt on the sand beside the corpse of the wild st wholeion, st 1 knives in their make passs. The st entirelyions blood looked black in the flickering orange glare of the torches that circinate the high chalk w anys of the pit.Dany touched the soft swell of her belly. Sw eject beaded her skin and trick take pour down her brow. She could feel the oer-the-hill wowork force watching her, the ancient crones of Vaes Dothrak, with eyes that shone apart(p) as poli fuddle flint in their wrinkled faces. She must not flinch or look afraid. I am the blood of the dragon, she told herself as she took the stallions heart in both hands, lifted it to her mouth, and plunged her teeth into the tough, stringy flesh.Warm blood filled her mouth and ran down everyplace her chin. The taste threatened to ga g her, provided she made herself chew and swallow. The heart of a stallion would make her son strong and swift and fearless, or so the Dothraki believed, still only if the mother could eat it all. If she choked on the blood or retched up the flesh, the omens were less favorable the child force be stillborn, or come forth weak, deformed, or female.Her handmaids had helped her countersink herself for the ceremony. Despite the tender mothers stomach that had afflicted her these past two moons, Dany had dined on bowls of half-clotted blood to accustom herself to the taste, and Irri made her chew strips of dried horseflesh until her jaws were aching. She had ravenous herself for a day and a night before the ceremony in the hopes that hunger would help her keep down the raw meat.The wild stallions heart was all muscle, and Dany had to worry it with her teeth and chew each mouthful a long time. No steel was permitted within the sacred confines of Vaes Dothrak, beneath the shadow of the buzz off of Mountains she had to rip the heart apart with teeth and nails. Her stomach roiled and heaved, yet she kept on, her face smeared with the heartsblood that sometimes seemed to explode against her lips.Khal Drogo stood over her as she ate, his face as hard as a bronze shield. His long black braid was shiny with oil. He wore gold rings in his mustache, gold bells in his braid, and a glowering belt of solid gold medallions rough his waist, only his chest was bare. She looked at him whenever she felt her strength failing looked at him, and chewed and swallowed, chewed and swallowed, chewed and swallowed. Toward the end, Dany thought she glimpsed a ferocious pride in his dark, almond-shaped eyes, provided she could not be sure. The khals face did not often betray the thoughts within.And finally it was done. Her cheeks and fingers were sticky as she forced down the last of it. Only then did she turn her eyes back to the old women, the crones of the dosh khaleen.Khalakka d othrae mranha she proclaimed in her best Dothraki. A prince rides inside me She had practiced the phrase for days with her handmaid Jhiqui.The oldest of the crones, a bent and shriveled stick of a woman with a blabberle black eye, raised her arms on high. Khalakka dothrae she shrieked. The prince is ridingHe is riding the other women answered. Rakh Rakh Rakh haj they proclaimed. A boy, a boy, a strong boy.Bells rang, a sudden clangor of bronze birds. A deep-throated warhorn sounded its long low note. The old women began to chant. Underneath their painted leather vests, their withered dugs swayed back and forth, shiny with oil and sweat. The eunuchs who served them threw bundles of dried grasses into a great bronze brazier, and clouds of fragrant puke rose up toward the moon and the stars. The Dothraki believed the stars were horses made of fire, a great herd that galloped across the sky by night.As the smoke ascended, the chanting died away(p) and the ancient crone unopen her s ingle eye, the better to peer into the future. The silence that fell was complete. Dany could hear the distant call of night birds, the hiss and crackle of the torches, the gentle lapping of water from the lake. The Dothraki stared at her with eyes of night, waiting.Khal Drogo laid his hand on Danys arm. She could feel the tension in his fingers. as yet a khal as mighty as Drogo could know fear when the dosh khaleen peered into smoke of the future. At her back, her handmaids fluttered anxiously.Finally the crone opened her eye and lifted her arms. I bring seen his face, and heard the th infra of his hooves, she proclaimed in a thin, wavery voice.The thunder of his hooves the others chorused.As swift as the wind he rides, and behind him his khalasar covers the earth, men without number, with arakhs shining in their hands like blades of razor grass. Fierce as a draw this prince will be. His enemies will tremble before him, and their wives will weep tears of blood and rend their fle sh in grief. The bells in his hair will sing his coming, and the milk men in the stone tents will fear his name. The old woman trembled and looked at Dany almost as if she were afraid. The prince is riding, and he shall be the stallion who mounts the world.The stallion who mounts the world the onlookers cried in echo, until the night rang to the sound of their voices.The one-eyed crone peered at Dany. What shall he be called, the stallion who mounts the world?She stood to answer. He shall be called Rhaego, she said, using the verbalisen language that Jhiqui had taught her. Her hands touched the swell beneath her breasts protectively as a roar went up from the Dothraki. Rhaego, they weeped. Rhaego, Rhaego, RhaegoThe name was still ringing in her ears as Khal Drogo led her from the pit. His bloodriders fell in behind them. A procession followed them out onto the godsway, the broad grassy road that ran through the heart of Vaes Dothrak, from the horse gate to the Mother of Mountains . The crones of the dosh khaleen came first, with their eunuchs and slaves. rough supported themselves with tall carved staffs as they struggled along on ancient, shaking legs, while others walked as proud as any horselord. Each of the old women had been a khaleesi once. When their lord husbands died and a new khal took his place at the front of his riders, with a new khaleesi mounted beside him, they were sent here, to reign over the vast Dothraki nation. Even the mightiest of khals bow down to the wisdom and authority of the dosh khaleen. Still, it gave Dany the shivers to think that one day she might be sent to join them, whether she willed it or no.Behind the wise women came the others Khal Ogo and his son, the khalakka Fogo, Khal Jommo and his wives, the chief men of Drogos khalasar, Danys handmaids, the khals servants and slaves, and more. Bells rang and drums beat a stately cadence as they marched along the godsway. Stolen heroes and the gods of dead peoples brooded in the darkness beyond the road. Alongside the procession, slaves ran lightly through the grass with torches in their hands, and the flickering flames made the great monuments seem almost alive.What is meaning, name Rhaego? Khal Drogo asked as they walked, using the Common Tongue of the Seven Kingdoms. She had been teaching him a few quarrel when she could. Drogo was quick to learn when he put his mind to it, though his accent was so thick and barbarous that neither Ser Jorah nor Viserys could understand a word he said.My companion Rhaegar was a fierce warrior, my sun-and-stars, she told him. He died before I was born. Ser Jorah says that he was the last of the dragons.Khal Drogo looked down at her. His face was a copper mask, yet under the long black mustache, drooping beneath the weight of its gold rings, she thought she glimpsed the shadow of a smile. Is good name, Dan Ares wife, moon of my life, he said.They rode to the lake the Dothraki called the Womb of the World, surrounded by a fringe of reeds, its water still and calm. A thousand thousand years ago, Jhiqui told her, the first man had emerged from its depths, riding upon the back of the first horse.The procession waited on the grassy shore as Dany stripped and let her soiled clothing fall to the ground. Naked, she stepped gingerly into the water. Irri said the lake had no bottom, but Dany felt soft bumble squishing between her toes as she pushed through the tall reeds. The moon floated on the still black waters, shattering and re-forming as her ripples washed over it. Goose pimples rose on her pale skin as the coldness crept up her thighs and kissed her lower lips. The stallions blood had dried on her hands and around her mouth. Dany cupped her fingers and lifted the sacred waters over her head, cleansing herself and the child inside her while the khal and the others looked on. She heard the old women of the dosh khaleen muttering to each other as they watched, and wondered what they were saying.When she emerged from the lake, shivering and dripping, her handmaid Doreah hurried to her with a invest of painted sandsilk, but Khal Drogo waved her away. He was looking on her swollen breasts and the curve of her belly with approval, and Dany could see the shape of his manhood pressing through his horsehide trousers, below the heavy gold medallions of his belt. She went to him and helped him unlace. then her huge khal took her by the hips and lifted her into the air, as he might lift a child. The bells in his hair rang softly.Dany wrapped her arms around his shoulders and pressed her face against his neck as he thrust himself inside her. Three quick strokes and it was done. The stallion who mounts the world, Drogo whispered hoarsely. His hands still smelled of horse blood. He bit at her throat, hard, in the moment of his pleasure, and when he lifted her off, his seed filled her and trickled down the inside of her thighs. Only then was Doreah permitted to drape her in the odoriferous sa ndsilk, and Irri to fit soft slippers to her feet.Khal Drogo laced himself up and spoke a command, and horses were brought to the lakeshore. Cohollo had the honor of helping the khaleesi onto her silver. Drogo spurred his stallion, and set off down the godsway beneath the moon and stars. On her silver, Dany tardily kept pace.The silk tenting that roofed Khal Drogos hall had been rolled up tonight, and the moon followed them inside. Flames leapt ten feet in the air from three huge stone-lined firepits. The air was thick with the smells of roast meat and curdled, fermented mares milk. The hall was crowded and noisy when they entered, the cushions packed with those whose rank and name were not sufficient to allow them at the ceremony. As Dany rode beneath the arched introduction and up the center aisle, every eye was on her. The Dothraki screamed out comments on her belly and her breasts, hailing the life within her. She could not understand all they shouted, but one phrase came clea r. The stallion that mounts the world, she heard, bellowed in a thousand voices.The sounds of drums and horns swirled up into the night. Half-clothed women spun and danced on the low tables, amid joints of meat and platters piled high with plums and dates and pomegranates. Many of the men were drunk on clotted mares milk, yet Dany knew no arakhs would clash tonight, not here in the sacred city, where blades and bloodshed were forbidden.Khal Drogo dismounted and took his place on the high bench. Khal Jommo and Khal Ogo, who had been in Vaes Dothrak with their khalasars when they arrived, were given sit of high honor to Drogos right and left. The bloodriders of the three khals sat below them, and farther down Khal Jommos four wives.Dany climbed off her silver and gave the reins to one of the slaves. As Doreah and Irri arranged her cushions, she searched for her brother. Even across the length of the crowded hall, Viserys should have been conspicuous with his pale skin, silvery hair, and beggars rags, but she did not see him anywhere.Her glance roamed the crowded tables near the walls, where men whose braids were even shorter than their manhoods sat on frayed rugs and flat cushions around the low tables, but all the faces she saw had black eyes and copper skin. She spied Ser Jorah Mormont near the center of the hall, conclude to the middle firepit. It was a place of respect, if not high honor the Dothraki esteemed the knights prowess with a sword. Dany sent Jhiqui to bring him to her table. Mormont came at once, and went to one knee before her. Khaleesi, he said, I am yours to command.She patted the stuffed horsehide cushion beside her. Sit and talk with me.You honor me. The knight seated himself cross-legged on the cushion. A slave knelt before him, go a wooden platter full of ripe figs. Ser Jorah took one and bit it in half.Where is my brother? Dany asked. He ought to have come by now, for the feast.I saw His Grace this morning, he told her. He told me he w as going to the Western Market, in search of wine.Wine? Dany said doubtfully. Viserys could not abide the taste of the fermented mares milk the Dothraki drank, she knew that, and he was oft at the bazaars these days, drinking with the traders who came in the great caravans from east and west. He seemed to find their company more congenial than hers.Wine, Ser Jorah confirmed, and he has some thought to go into men for his army from the sellswords who guard the caravans. A serving girl laid a blood pie in front of him, and he attacked it with both hands.Is that wise? she asked. He has no gold to pay soldiers. What if hes betrayed? Caravan guards were seldom troubled more than by thoughts of honor, and the Usurper in Kings Landing would pay well for her brothers head. You ought to have kaput(p) with him, to keep him safe. You are his sworn sword. We are in Vaes Dothrak, he reminded her. No one may carry a blade here or shed a mans blood.Yet men die, she said. Jhogo told me. Some of the traders have eunuchs with them, huge men who strangle thieves with wisps of silk. That way no blood is shed and the gods are not angered.Then let us hope your brother will be wise enough not to steal anything. Ser Jorah wiped the grease off his mouth with the back of his hand and leaned close over the table. He had planned to take your dragons orchis, until I warned him that Id cut off his hand if he so much as touched them.For a moment Dany was so shocked she had no words. My eggs . . . but theyre mine, Magister Illyrio gave them to me, a bride gift, why would Viserys want . . . theyre only stones . . . The akin could be said of rubies and diamonds and fire opals, Princess . . . and dragons eggs are rarer by far. Those traders hes been drinking with would sell their own manhoods for even one of those stones, and with all three Viserys could buy as many sellswords as he might need.Dany had not known, had not even suspected. Then . . . he should have them. He does not need to s teal them. He had only to ask. He is my brother . . . and my confessedly king.He is your brother, Ser Jorah acknowledged.You do not understand, ser, she said. My mother died giving me birth, and my father and my brother Rhaegar even before that. I would never have known so much as their names if Viserys had not been there to distinguish me. He was the only one left. The only one. He is all I have.Once, said Ser Jorah. No longer, Khaleesi. You decease to the Dothraki now. In your womb rides the stallion who mounts the world. He held out his cup, and a slave filled it with fermented mares milk, sour-smelling and thick with clots.Dany waved her away. Even the smell of it made her feel ill, and she would take no chances of bringing up the horse heart she had forced herself to eat. What does it mean? she asked. What is this stallion? Everyone was shouting it at me, but I dont understand.The stallion is the khal of khals promised in ancient prophecy, child. He will unite the Dothraki i nto a single khalasar and ride to the ends of the earth, or so it was promised. All the people of the world will be his herd.Oh, Dany said in a small voice. Her hand smoothed her robe down over the swell of her stomach. I named him Rhaego.A name to make the Usurpers blood run cold.Suddenly Doreah was tugging at her elbow. My lady, the handmaid whispered urgently, your brother . . . Dany looked down the length of the long, roofless hall and there he was, striding toward her. From the lurch in his step, she could tell at once that Viserys had ready his wine . . . and something that passed for courage.He was wearing his scarlet silks, soiled and travel-stained. His cloak and gloves were black velvet, faded from the sun. His boots were dry and cracked, his silver-blond hair matted and tangled. A longsword swung from his belt in a leather scabbard. The Dothraki eyed the sword as he passed Dany heard curses and thr grub and angry muttering rising all around her, like a tide. The music d ied away in a nervous stammering of drums.A sense of dread closed around her heart. Go to him, she commanded Ser Jorah. Stop him. Bring him here. Tell him he rouse have the dragons eggs if that is what he wants. The knight rose swiftly to his feet.Where is my sister? Viserys shouted, his voice thick with wine. Ive come for her feast. How dare you presume to eat without me? No one eats before the king. Where is she? The whore cant hide from the dragon.He stopped beside the largest of the three firepits, peering around at the faces of the Dothraki. There were five thousand men in the hall, but only a handful who knew the Common Tongue. Yet even if his words were incomprehensible, you had only to look at him to know that he was drunk.Ser Jorah went to him swiftly, whispered something in his ear, and took him by the arm, but Viserys wrenched free. Keep your hands off me No one touches the dragon without leave.Dany glanced anxiously up at the high bench. Khal Drogo was saying something to the other khals beside him. Khal Jommo grinned, and Khal Ogo began to guffaw loudly.The sound of jest made Viserys lift his eyes. Khal Drogo, he said thickly, his voice almost polite. Im here for the feast. He staggered away from Ser Jorah, making to join the three khals on the high bench.Khal Drogo rose, gaiter out a dozen words in Dothraki, faster than Dany could understand, and pointed. Khal Drogo says your place is not on the high bench, Ser Jorah translated for her brother. Khal Drogo says your place is there.Viserys glanced where the khal was pointing. At the back of the long hall, in a corner by the wall, deep in shadow so better men would not need to look on them, sat the terminal of the low raw unblooded boys, old men with clouded eyes and stiff joints, the dim-witted and the maimed. Far from the meat, and farther from honor. That is no place for a king, her brother declared.Is place, Khal Drogo answered, in the Common Tongue that Dany had taught him, for Sorefoot Kin g. He clapped his hands together. A cart Bring cart for Khal RhaggatFive thousand Dothraki began to laugh and shout. Ser Jorah was standing beside Viserys, screaming in his ear, but the roar in the hall was so thunderous that Dany could not hear what he was saying. Her brother shouted back and the two men grappled, until Mormont knocked Viserys bodily to the floor.Her brother drew his sword.The bared steel shone a fearful red in the glare from the firepits. Keep away from me Viserys hissed. Ser Jorah backed off a step, and her brother climbed unsteadily to his feet. He waved the sword over his head, the borrowed blade that Magister Illyrio had given him to make him seem more kingly. Dothraki were shrieking at him from all sides, screaming vile curses.Dany gave a unstated cry of terror. She knew what a drawn sword meant here, even if her brother did not.Her voice made Viserys turn his head, and he saw her for the first time. There she is, he said, smiling. He stalked toward her, sl ashing at the air as if to cut a path through a wall of enemies, though no one tested to bar his way.The blade . . . you must not, she begged him. Please, Viserys. It is forbidden. Put down the sword and come share my cushions. Theres drink, food . . . is it the dragons eggs you want? You can have them, only force away the sword.Do as she tells you, fool, Ser Jorah shouted, before you get us all killed.Viserys laughed. They cant kill us. They cant shed blood here in the sacred city . . . but I can. He laid the point of his sword between Daeneryss breasts and slid it downward, over the curve of her belly. I want what I came for, he told her. I want the transcend he promised me. He bought you, but he never paid for you. Tell him I want what I bargained for, or Im taking you back. You and the eggs both. He can keep his bloody foal. Ill cut the bastard out and leave it for him. The sword point pushed through her silks and pricked at her navel. Viserys was weeping, she saw weeping and laughing, both at the same time, this man who had once been her brother.Distantly, as from far away, Dany heard her handmaid Jhiqui sobbing in fear, pleading that she dared not translate, that the khal would bind her and drag her behind his horse all the way up the Mother of Mountains. She put her arm around the girl. Dont be afraid, she said. I shall tell him.She did not know if she had enough words, yet when she was done Khal Drogo spoke a few brusque sentences in Dothraki, and she knew he understood. The sun of her life stepped down from the high bench. What did he say? the man who had been her brother asked her, flinching.It had grown so silent in the hall that she could hear the bells in Khal Drogos hair, chiming softly with each step he took. His bloodriders followed him, like three copper shadows. Daenerys had gone cold all over. He says you shall have a splendid golden crown that men shall tremble to behold.Viserys smiled and lowered his sword. That was the saddest thing, th e thing that tore at her afterward . . . the way he smiled. That was all I wanted, he said. What was promised.When the sun of her life reached her, Dany slid an arm around his waist. The khal said a word, and his bloodriders leapt forward. Qotho seized the man who had been her brother by the arms. Haggo shattered his wrist with a single, sharp twist of his huge hands. Cohollo pulled the sword from his limp fingers. Even now Viserys did not understand. No, he shouted, you cannot touch me, I am the dragon, the dragon, and I will be crownedKhal Drogo unfastened his belt. The medallions were pure gold, massive and ornate, each one as large as a mans hand. He shouted a command. Cook slaves pulled a heavy iron stew pot from the firepit, dumped the stew onto the ground, and returned the pot to the flames. Drogo tossed in the belt and watched without expression as the medallions turned red and began to lose their shape. She could see fires move in the onyx of his eyes. A slave handed him a pair of thick horsehair mittens, and he pulled them on, never so much as looking at the man.Viserys began to scream the high, wordless scream of the coward facing death. He kicked and twisted, whimpered like a dog and wept like a child, but the Dothraki held him tight between them. Ser Jorah had made his way to Danys side. He put a hand on her shoulder. Turn away, my princess, I beg you.No. She folded her arms across the swell of her belly, protectively.At the last, Viserys looked at her. Sister, please . . . Dany, tell them . . . make them . . . sweet sister . . . When the gold was half-melted and starting to run, Drogo reached into the flames, snatched out the pot. Crown he roared. Here. A crown for Cart King And upended the pot over the head of the man who had been her brother.The sound Viserys Targaryen made when that hideous iron helmet covered his face was like nothing human. His feet hammered a frantic beat against the smirch floor, slowed, stopped. Thick globs of molten go ld dripped down onto his chest, setting the scarlet silk to smoldering . . . yet no drop of blood was spilled.He was no dragon, Dany thought, curiously calm. eject cannot kill a dragon.

Nature of Technical Communication Essay

skillful communication is a method of researching and creating information round technical processes or products directed to an audience through media. The information must be relevant to the intended audience. Technical communicators often work collaboratively to create products (deliverables) for unhomogeneous media, including paper, video, and the Internet. Deliverables include online help, user manuals, technical manuals, White papers, specifications, process and procedure manuals, industrial videos, reference cards, data sheets, journal articles, patents, training, business papers, and technical reports.Technical domains can be of any kind, including the soft and hard sciences, high technology including computers and software, consumer electronics, and business processes and practices. The origin of technical communication has been variously attributed to Ancient Greece, The Renaissance, and the mid 20th Century. However, a authorise trend towards the professional field can be seen from the First World War on, growing out of the need for technology-based documentation in the military, manufacturing, electronic and aerospace industries.In the United States, two organizations concerned with improving the practice of technical communication were founded on the East Coast in 1953 the Society of Technical Writers, and the Association of Technical Writers and Editors. These organizations merged in 1957 to form the Society of Technical Writers and Editors, a predecessor of the current Society for Technical Communication (STC).In the United Kingdom, the Institute of scientific and Technical Communicators (ISTC) was formed in 1972 by the amalgamation of three existing associations the Presentation of Technical Information Group (established in 1948), the Technical Publications Association (established in 1953, later the Institution of Technical Authors and Illustrators) and the Institute of Technical Publicity and Publications (established in 1963).Technical c ommunication is sometimes considered a professional task for which organizations either pack specialized employees, or outsource their needs to communication firms. For example, a professional writer may work with a company to produce a user manual. Other times, technical communication is regarded as a responsibility that technical professionals employ on a daily basis as they work to develop technical information to coworkers and clients. For example, a computer scientist may need to provide software documentation to fellow programmers or clients.

Communication Climates, Responses, and Dynamics

This paper will discuss small teams on a reality show called There goes the Neighborhood. This show is c put up to a neighborhood that allows a brick wall to gate them in and they must learn to fly the coop unitedly, not only as a family, but as neighbors too. In the beginning of the game, everything is taken away from them. For example, all of the luxuries such as appliances, televisions, snacks, video games, and childrens toys were all removed. There was no need for their cars since there was a huge wall around the neighborhood.These teams not only had to learn to become a team, but it would withal teach them to appreciate everything that they have. The game encourages team work, because without teamwork the teams would lose the challenges that argon presented to both teams. Even though the challenges are staged, they push the competitors to extreme emotional, physical, and mental states. The challenges are rewarded with prizes for the boostning team. Defensive and supportive climates are always leaving to be a part of communication. With that in mind we look at a certain style and that is certainty vs. provisionalism.The Nelson Family seems to believe that everything should go their way, and were working on the Johnstons as allies to get rid of the people they did not like. Since the Nelson family did not approve of the Mullinax family because they were lesbian mformer(a)s they wanted them out of the game. This shows certainty because they were very en garde on the subject. The other families showed provisionalism because they were open to the Mullinaxs situation. This began to tear families apart and finally the other families were tired of being followers and kicked the Nelson family off.Later on in the game, the families started to give away that the Mullinax family was just giving excuses every week for why they should not be eliminated. First it was for stereotypes, and then it was for nobody liking them, and this week it was they live paycheck to paycheck and have two children going to college soon. It seemed as though other family sections were getting tired of the excuses and felt up as if they might be using it to their advantage to win the game, so they eliminated the Mullinaxs. The Mullinaxs started to show defensive behavior thinking it would save them and people would show sympathy for them, but it seemed to backfire on them. The person who behaves defensively, scour though he or she also gives some attention to the common task, devotes an appreciable portion of energy to defending himself or herself. Besides talking approximately the topic, he thinks about how he appears to others, how he may be seen more favorably, how he may win, dominate, impress or escape punishment, and/or how he may avoid or mitigate a perceived attack. (Gibb, n. d. )This same situation takes tooshie in confirming and disconfirming responses. During the elimination ceremony, the Mullinax family poured their hearts out stating that the Nelson family do them feel outside of the core. The Nelson family showed disconfirming responses by failing to spot them and talking to other family members composition they were talking. This also showed their nonverbal behavior such as gyre their eye and smiling at their family members. Nonverbal communication is defined as all the messages that people transmit through means other than words (Alberts, 2007).The Nelsons would someday see themselves on television and see how much they used non-verbal behavior in a negative way. Sometimes people have to acknowledge someones negative non-verbal behavior before the main person recognizes it. Other families tuned in and really listened to what the Mullinax family had to say and showed confirming responses. None of the other families knew that was how the Mullinax family felt deep inside and they changed their minds to eliminate the Nelson family. Cohesiveness relates to the degree to which members are attracted to and motivated to r emain part of that team.A cohesive group member values his or her membership and strives to maintain a positive relationship within the group. Often, cohesion is viewed from an affective perspective as interpersonal attraction among members or to the group. However, cohesion rat also be envisioned as attraction to a collectivity as opposed to an attraction to the individuals who make up that grouping. (Ratzburg, n. d. ) It is important that every single member never work against each other but strive to work with each other toward their shared goal(s). Any negative force that threatens the teams success redirects itself into something ositive as long as team members share the same purpose. Cohesiveness is a process whereby a sense of we-ness emerges to transcend individual differences and motives (Kinicki Kreitner, 2004, p. 15). Some of the teenagers in the families did not approve of how their parents were acting on decision making. Since these people were actually neighbors in r eal life, these teenagers were friends with the other teens in the game. This caused problems because some of the parents were being immature and this caused the teens to rebel against their avouch family.In certain challenges the teens would not try as hard as they should because they disapproved of what their parents were planning. Finally, one of the mothers talked to them and explained that it was only a game and more than anything they needed to work together as a family first. The teen realized that this was more important and strived to help his team out. Effective listening is an important part of working as a team. When effective listening does not occur it can result in misunderstanding, failed goals and accomplishment, or even a conflict between team members.This situation came into place as the teams had their challenges. The teams were supposed to build a house of card which taught them how to listen to each other and work as a team. One of the children was very see i n building houses of cards, but the parents were ignoring his ideas on how to build it because of his age. The family ended up losing the challenge because they did not listen to each other. The same thing that the child was explaining to his family, the other team listened and took the idea and won the challenge. This also showed a barrier between the adults and the children.Some parents still live the old fashion way where children are not really paid attention to, especially in a situation where a huge lump sum of money is involved. Some of the old make quotes would be, Dont speak until youre spoken to Children should be seen and not heard. Due to this, children never get a chance to express themselves or help out so they either give up or rebel. Some children feel why they should bother if no one is going to pay attention to them. There were also several barriers between the families such as cultural, physical, and emotional. There were a lot of stereotypes going on in this sho w.Like mentioned before, the Nelsons had a problem with the Mullinaxs because they were lesbians. The men had issues with Cameron Johnston because he was a stay at home dad. They secretly would mention that they did not feel that he should be staying at home while his wife worked. They figured he was a real man, so they would never include him in the things that they were doing outside of the challenges. There was also the Upshaw family who were a bi-racial family where the mother was clear and the father was black, and they were definitely nonverbal looks at the beginning at this family.The Upshaw dad felt out of place being the only black man, so he was always staying on his toes and making sure that his family won the challenges so that they would not be sent home. He was one of the families at the beginning that sided with the Nelsons because he knew that they were in charge. He was also the main person who sided with the Mullinaxs and eliminated the Nelsons too. In conclusion, watching reality shows definitely show real team work and the positive and negative outcomes.When watching fictional sitcoms or series, we really do not get the full effect of how teamwork really works but how the coach and writer perceive it. Since this was the summer time it was hard to find a decent reality show to discuss compared to the fall season where there are wonderful shows like Survivor which would have great examples. There goes the neighborhood still showed enough examples on teamwork and interpersonal communication. As the teams were eliminated, the audience could definitely ensure which ones actual learned for the experiment compared to the others who were still defensive.Watching a reality show provided different camera views to catch the families nonverbal and verbal communication. If they rolled their eyes or whispered something it was all caught on camera with subtitles. Nonverbal and verbal communication work together to convey and explain messages sent betwe en people. unneurotic they support the thoughts and ideas of the speaker. We use nonverbal communication to illustrate the verbal communication. Without one or the other two types of communication we would not be able to richly understand each other.ReferencesAlberts, Jess K. (2007) Human Communication in Society Nonverbal Communication (144-161) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall Gibb, varlet R.. (n.d.). Defensive Communication. In Definition and Significance. Retrieved Sept 13, 2009, from http//www.geocities.com/toritrust/defensive_communication.htm.Kinicki, A., Kreitner, R. (2004). Organizational behavior Teams and Teamwork for the 21st Century. New York The McGraw-Hill Companies.LeVrier, Peggy. (n.d.). Parent University. In Establishing your posture as an effective listener. Retrieved Sept 13, 2009, from http//www.pasadenaisd.org/parentuniversity/parent9.htm.Ratzburg, Wilf H.. (n.d.). sort Cohesiveness. In Organizational Behavior. Retrieved September 13, 2 009, from http//www.geocities.com/athens/forum/1650/htmlgroups18.html.

Guidelines for Writing the Three Major Parts of the Literature Review Essay

The introductory section should describe the proceeds (problem atomic number 18a, guiding concept, theme or research question or problem) that is being analyzeed. use for an eye catching opening sentence. Sometimes this is a dramatic expression of a number to catch the empathiseers attention such(prenominal) as the prevalence of a disease, crime rate, school drop out rate, or sales volume. Be sure the melodic theme is foc employ on the literary work that get out be reported. Briefly define the paint concepts. Introduce these immediately.The base should be sufficiently focused to permit an in-depth, substantial investigation, relevant to an area of innovative study/global leadership that guides a range of inquiry, results in an extensive search of profound literary productions, and generation of questions for further inquiry. The social functionping of a books palingenesis is presented in the introduction. Bourner (1996) reports the following Purposes of a writing s brush up (reasons for a fall over of the literary productions) before embarking on a research throw off.These reasons intromit to come upon gaps in the lit to avoid reinventing the wheel (at the very least this will save time and it tail end stop you from making the same mistakes as others) to carry on from where others obligate already reached (reviewing the field allows you to build on the platform of existing knowledge and ideas) to attain other people working in the same fields (a police detective network is a valuable resource) to increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area to post seminal works in your area to provide the mind context for your own work, enabling you to position your project relative to other work to identify opposing views to put your work into perspective to demonstrate that you brook access previous work in an area to identify information and ideas that whitethorn be relevant to your project to identify methods that could be relevant to your project Bourner, T. (1996). The research process Four steps to success in T. Greenfield (Ed. ), Research methods Guidance for postgraduates (pp. 7-11). Lon male parent Arnold. Retrieved 8-13-02 from Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology RMIT University http//www. lib. rmit. edu. au/tutorials/literature/litrev. hypertext mark-up language As you attempt to define concepts (variables) and their relationships to other variables, if applicable, identify causative (independent) variables and effects (dependent variables). You may also identify other variables that can be contextual, intervene, or mediating (see Creswell, pp. 94-95 or other texts). After you introduce the depicted object area properly (instructions follow), you will come up a succinct cardinal-sentence mapping of the review. Three examples of a concluding purpose statement in the overview are poser 1 The purpose of this review is to littlely analyze the theoretical and observational literature on web-based instruction as an instructional method in distance education, with an emphasis on effectiveness studies that focus on instructional effectiveness, scholar learning outcomes, retention, student perceptions of this method of personal credit line delivery, and to identify areas of time to come scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variable (independent) is instructional method of web-based instruction and the effects (dependent variable) are instructional effectiveness, student learning outcomes, retention, and student perceptions.Example 2 The purpose of this critical analysis of theoretical and empirical literature is to (a) examine historical and current literature to evaluate whether gender work sharpen bias exists (b) explore the impact such a bias would be possessed of on women in the workplace, specifically women moving up the corporate ladder and, (c) identify any theoretical or empirical gaps in the literature for the purpose of suggesting future are as of scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variable (independent) is gender bias against women in the workplace and the effect (dependent variable) is mobility up the corporate ladder.Example 3 ( look back carefully) The purpose of this critical analysis of theoretical and empirical literature is explore the influence of organisational leadership and other factors on organizational performance, in for-profit and non-for profit gain organizations, and to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variables (independent) are organizational leadership and other factors, contextual (intervening or mediating) variables are the type of organization (product versus service) and profit/non-profit, and the effect (dependent variable) is organizational performance.Please note in developing your purpose statement, that the purpose statement begins with The purpose of . and concludes with a statement related to identifying future areas of scholarly inqui ry. 9 Instructions Writing An Overview and Purpose (Follow precisely) * check over Blackboard Forum 5. workout your information and faculty comments for streng pasting, as a guide to develop your Overview and Purpose (see items 1-9 below). *Draft 1 is due Week 3. Review Forum 6. You will get in a great start if you develop this well. 1. Using the template a.Develop a preliminary surname for the Review and include on the title page. The title should include the main concepts and themes (and/or key theories) for this review. Remember this is a critical analysis of the literature NOT a research study In no area of this paper, should you refer to this Review of Literature as a research study b. For the Introduction to the Literature, insert a brief subtitle preceding the colon for the direct heading ___ Overview and Purpose. 2. Under the Overview and Purpose, introduce the paper with an eye catching opening sentence for the first paragraph. 3.After the eye catching opening sentence, soon describe the topic (problem area, guiding concept, theme). Get to the point dont let the reader guess what the review is about a few sentences. 4. undermentioned include brief definitions of each of the study(ip) concepts and cite references for these definitions in appropriate APA format. BE BRIEF this is not the literature but an introduction to it Anything you present in the introduction is developed in depth in the Review of the Literature. 5. Next, very briefly, attempt to identify how the literature explains these variables and their relationships to other variables.Include as many another(prenominal) as possible variables because this will help in constructing a literature map. The map will show relationships between the variables as you describe here. Begin with the following The causal variables (independent are) The effects (dependent/outcome variables are Contextual (intervening or mediating) variables that further impact the dependent or outcome variables are . 6. Discuss how the topic area was determine and your reasons (point of view) for selecting the topic area to conduct your critical analysis of the literature.Review the Guidelines How to Start Select a Topic and Overview and Purpose, including purposes identified by Bourner (1996). Begin with the following The topic area of ____ was selected because___. 7. condone what you want to know about the topic. Review Hart, 1999, p. 14 (Questions the Review Can Answer). Begin with the following Some questions to be answered through this critical analysis of the literature are 8. Answer the following Is the topic about the problems in a topic or field of study, the processes in a discipline or field of study, or the practices in a discipline or field of study?Processes can refer to various epistemologic processes to develop knowledge (also intoxicate Hart, 1999, p. 14). Introduce this intelligibly so the reader knows what you are speaking about. Begin with the following The problem area of is about 9. Conclude the Overview and Purpose with a clearly formulated statement of purpose of the literature review. Use the examples in the guidelines, as a guide to develop this. Make this clear (see examples in the previous flog note).Begin with the following and include the ending The purpose of this .., and to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. nerve of the Review, Scope, and library Research Plan agreement of the Review claver Collect appropriate holds, read critically, identify concepts, theories, and themes, and think about the best way to present your topic. Write these concepts, theories, and themes down (see your Blackboard forum 5 submission and teacher response. Develop a Literature Map. This is a Content Map (Concept Map or Mind Map) All students will have a literature map that will guide the organization of the review and literature search.Build (draw) a visual picture of the concepts and their relationships, which results in a literature m ap. These evolve from your topic, key concepts, ideas, theme, and/or purpose. Dont introduce new information or concepts. It should first be introduced in the overview. The literature map is presented in-depth here. There are many methods to cook the review, which often change as you learn much about the topic. Concept Mapping Representing information in diagram form where key haggle are linked by lines. These lines are then labeled to express the relationship between the call.The resulting map shows links between key ideas and can then be read through to clarify relationships between key terms. a. Definition and Purpose of a Literature Map. This map is a visual/ written mission of concepts, ideas, and themes that serve to guide thinking. In this case, the purpose is to guide the search and organizational presentation of your review. This map serves to i. Develop ideas for your review ii. Show relationships and interrelationships between the concepts, theories, and themes and if so, what type of relationships iii. take to heart in organizing old knowledge and integrating it with new knowledge iv. Guide your literature search plan/strategy v. Identify subtitles (subheadings) to organize your literature review so that you can communicate your ideas systematically. vi. A literature/content map is a creative, intuitive, and artistic endeavor to see how things fit to generate alternatives. It is also analytic and critical, based on what you are finding in the literature. REVIEW THESE LINKS A simplified explanation of understanding of a Content map is draw in the following URL web link http//users.edte. utwente. nl/lanzing/cm_home. htm b.Various types of Graphic or Visual Organizers (review this online. Click each box) (you need to have the syllabus downloaded and cyberspace connection on) Chain of Events Clustering Compare/Contrast Continuum Cycle Family Tree Fishbone Interaction abridgment Problem/Solution Spider Storyboard Venn Diagram Source ht tp//www. sdcoe. k12. ca. us/score/actbank/sorganiz. htm Other Web sites Graphic or Visual Organizers Graphic or Visual Organizers A good site review this online by clicking link. http//edservices. aea7.k12. ia. us/edtech/classroom/workshops/organizers. html http//www. cast. org/ncac/index. cfm? i=3015 http//www. veale. com. au/phd/files/Lit_Map. pdf Some diagrams of content maps are depicted in the following URL web link http//trochim. human. cornell. edu/research/epp2/epp2. htmTable1 rationalize Mind Mapping Software (Smart Draw) http//www. smartdraw. com/specials/mindmapping. asp? id=13054 Readings on Mapping Ideas See Hart, 1999, pp. 142-162 Blackboards Assignments Toolbar See example of literature maps in Assignments Weeks 1-8 Literature Review (Critical Analysis) 50%.Within this folder is information on PowerPoint Presentation and Student Examples. Most of the student examples include literature maps for RES 702 (RES600) students. Organizing the review of the literature by th emes, theories, or major concepts and related concepts provides a frame for the central topic to organize. In this case, you may proceed inductively or deductively. http//trochim. human. cornell. edu/kb/dedind. htm Exercise in deductive/Inductive thinking http//www2. sjsu. edu/depts/itl/graphics/induc/ind-ded. html3bFor example, a deductive approach might start with the broader view or concept(s) then move to the specific topic area. Example FOLLOWS A literature map ( code 1) is used to guide the library search for theoretical and empirical literature about distance learning. The map shows a deductive pattern of the major themes, using an interaction line style type of graphic organizer. Beginning with the broadest concept of distance education, web-based instruction interacts with student characteristics, which leads to valuation of effectiveness of web-based instruction in distance education.. . . Other concepts and their relationships to guide the review are . . . Other organiz ational Methodologies for Reviews While RES 702 students are asked to develop literature maps that serve to organize the review, with more scholarly experience and depending upon the topic, you could also present the Review using an opposing view or methodological approach. This is not expected now. c. The literature map generates an outline for the Review of the Literature Review Why do an Outline, and Basic Outlining skills http//www. und. edu/instruct/wstevens/PROPOSALCLASS/PATRAS.html http//www. mnstate. edu/wasson/ed603/ed603lesson5. htm An outline provides a blueprint, skeleton, or a roadmap for the final written review. An outline is an organizational process that is a logical description of the all-important(a) components of the literature review. It provides a visual and conceptual visualize for writing. 1. Identify the main points in the order they should be presented. 2. Differentiate each main heading into logical subheadings. 3. Use further subdivisions if necessary. IT IS STRONGLY SUGGESTED THAT YOU INCLUDE A SECTION ON MEASUREMENT OF YOUR MAJOR VARIABLES.REPORT SOME OF THE MAJOR METHODS, TOOLS, OR INSTRUMENTS THAT HAVE BEEN USED IN PRIOR STUDIES TO MEASURE THE KEY CONCEPTS IN YOUR OUTLINE. Notice in the outline that follows, a sub-level heading is measurement of leadership and organizational performance. In the Review of the Literature section, you would then describe the tools whether qualitative or quantitative, and reli exponent, validity (quantitative tools), and trustworthiness of qualitative tools. Run a Proquest or Google search such as measurement leadership.This saves you time in the QP and literature in the dissertation where you need to know how your variables have been studied and measured. It is best to have MORE detail in these themes. You can always change later. Example of an Outline (Let us say that the following concepts are present in the literature map which could be Chain of Events, Clustering, or Interaction Outline. This is an example of an outline (quite detailed). It includes the major concepts that can be used for the literature search, and the outline is placed in the 2nd part of this Review (Review of the Literature) to organize how to present the literature. lead Classical, Progressive, Risk leading Theories Traits and Characteristics of Leaders Leadership, Power and Influence Gender and Equity Issues in Leadership Practice Cultural Issues and Leadership Developing teams Leading Organizational Change Organizational Leadership Development Strategic Leadership Leadership Measurement Organizational Performance Dimensions of Organizational Performance Organizational Climate Individual Performance Team Performance Supplier/Vendor Perspectives Customer Satisfaction Financial Performance Effectiveness Indicators Performance Driven Organizations Competency ModelingManaging Performance 360 Degree Feedback collaborative Change Organizational Performance Measurement Output (Activities) and Outcome (Res ults) Measures Factors Influencing Organizational Performance Leadership and Performance of Organizations Leadership Style and Team Performance Leadership Style and Organizational Outcomes Leadership Style and Vendor/Supplier and Customer Satisfaction Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Effectiveness 7 Instructions for Writing the Organization of the Review Do not present literature that you reviewed here. Just respond to questions 1-7.1. After you design the literature map, begin with the statement A literature map (Figure 1) is used to guide the library search for theoretical and empirical literature in this review about ___. 1. Next, describe the specific type of organizer that you used to design your map (for example, cluster, chain of events, cycle, etc). To do this, you need to review this syllabus on line, and click the different URL links of examples of visual or graphic organizers (review preceding lecture which provides several types). 2 . Identify the specific the concepts, theories, and themes that are in your literature map. 3.Next, briefly, describe the relationships between these concepts, theories and themes (such as what leads to what? Which are the causal, outcome and/or intervening variables? Are the concepts organized inductively or deductively? This all refers to the concepts, theories, and themes in your literature map. 4. Next explain that in addition to guiding the literature search, the literature map serves to identify themes, theories, and concepts that will organize the Literature Review. Present these theories, concepts, and themes in outline form, differentiating each main heading into logical subheadings. (Keep it simple).5. Due for draft 1, go to the next major section (Review of the Literature) insert these themes/concepts as level headings/sublevel headings in outline form. They serve to organize the Review of the Literature. Use appropriate APA (see p. 113 of APA) level headings. An example using APA level headings, is shown in the next major section of these guidelines. The concepts and themes for the example, uses the outline of themes previously discussed (leadership and organizational performance). 6. stick in the Figure 1, Literature Map at the end of this discussion of the Organization of the Review (before Scope and Context).a. Make sure that you develop your literature map in a software application that can be copied and pasted into your Microsoft contrive document containing your paper. b. Make sure the map is an appropriate size and fits within the required paper margins. c. The Figure and , and Title (Literature Map) belong at the bottom, centered Figure 1 Literature Map Your goal is to have the map well-developed in draft 1 and finalized in (draft 2). It is expected that this map will change as you tighten and organize your literature review in the next section as well as well as in your qualifying paper. down this part with each new draft (and particula rly as your literature map evolves). Scope and Context beat This section lets the reader know what is and is not included in your literature review (scope). The topic is described in such a way that an appropriate context for the review of the literature is established, in a meaningful, logical way. The key terms here are included/excluded. You can restate the theories, concepts and constructs that you will include and obvious theories, concepts and constructs you wont include (Look at your problem and topic area).Identify what might be included in the search in terms of types of organizations (public/private for-profit, not for profit service/product types of businesses, types of educational institutions) populations such as young versus old gender cultural groups countries or type of occupation. The major types of scholarly literature to review are empirical studies, review articles (critical analysis), theoretical articles/books, methodological articles, and case studies.These t ypes of literature may be in the form of a book, hard copy journal articles, and electronic journal articles. The following are different types and forms of literature hebdomadal Abstract in a primary source, Abstract in a arcsecondary source, Periodical (hard copy), Periodical (electronic), Non-periodical (Book), Non-periodical (chapter in a book), Proceeding of meetings or symposia, Doctoral Dissertations (including abstracts), Unpublished work, Audio-Visuals, Newspaper, Government documents, and Electronic Media.5 Instructions for Writing the Scope and Context 1. As you write this, discuss what is and is not included. Regarding the topic or problem area, discuss what is and is not included in terms of concepts/theories, applications to different populations and settings. 1. Identify the forms (not types) of publications that are included. You dont need to name specific articles, but identify the forms of literature to be included. 2. Identify the discipline(s) you are focusing in (e. g. , education, health, business, criminal justice, accounting, sociology)?Included specialized areas within these disciplines, such as gender theories in sociology, accounting ethics, special education for specified populations, urban violence, etc. 3. Identify the scope in terms of the years (period of time) that your literature review covers and exclusions. 5. Discuss whether you are limiting your review to U. S. literature, and/or Global literature. For global literature, identify the countries. If seminal books are emphasized, include the titles. polish up this part with each new draft (and particularly as your literature expands).Library Research Plan and Strategy Lecture THIS IS THE PLAN, NOT THE REVIEW OF THE literature The review is presented in the second major section (Review of the Literature) Searching the Literature A good review of the literature is dependent upon knowledge of the use of indexes and abstracts, the ability to conduct exhaustive bibliographic searches, and ability to organize the collected data meaningfully. Information literacy skills assist with information seeking and retrieval methods and scholarly communication. Recognize scholarly and peer reviewed journals (See Week 1 Lecture).The e-Learning tutorials about Lynn Library can assist research students with the development of literature reviews using electronic databases, abstracts, bibliographic software, Internet searching, Library catalogue searching, subject resources, off-campus searching, and research and writing skills. You need to complete the tutorials. Library Research Plan/Strategy In reporting your library plan/strategy, identify concepts, themes (key words) or descriptors and search the relevant databases for research on your topic. Be consistent with the Literature map concepts and themes.Focus your search on primary scholarly works including empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological inquiry. Recognize the differences between these typ es of scholarly inquiry. Review dissertation abstracts. Did you do a Lynn Library catalog search on the topic (at Lynn)? Did you search selected journals? Did you limit the search to peer-review journals? Did you limit the search to certain years? If you are having difficulty in your library search, you may make an appointment with the pen Librarian who may assist in building effective search strategies.When visiting the Library, you should come prepared with your search words. Requesting Materials It is suggested that you read the abstracts before requesting the materials from the Librarian, because certain abstracts may provide enough information to help you make a decision on the materials relevance. Expect that you will obtain more literature than you will need to include in your literature review. Quantity, however, is not as important as selecting appropriate literature, that is of value and relevant.While many published review articles may have more than 100 cited references , due to time constraints in the course, the expectation is a minimum of 20 relevant, scholarly citations in the text of your paper. Do not go overboard. Quality and relevance is what counts. Dont use references from consulting firms or firms that are promoting their products or services. Look for scholarly publications. Types and Forms of Literature borderline Requirements i. The preference is that you review a admixture of types and forms of literature so that you many learn to ii.Search for and evaluate different types and forms information iii. Integrate a variety of types information in the text of your paper iv. Recognize classic (seminal) works as well as current literature Give yourself time to read the material do not make a library request for everything at once. Readings Search Strategy worksheet http//library. humboldt. edu/infoservices/sstrawrksht. htm http//www. noodletools. com/debbie/literacies/information/5locate/adviceengine. html http//www. lynn. edu/clientuploa ds/Library/Graduatestudentsmanual. doc11 Instructions for Writing the Library Research Plan and Strategy In a Review, a discussion of the plan or strategy you used to develop your literature search is presented. Dont discuss what you will do, but rather what you did. 1. Identify the descriptors (concepts, themes, theories, phrases/key words) used to search the relevant databases for research on your topic. Include themes or groups of words used in the search plan. Add the terms theory or research to your themes when you are searching. You should uses many themes to limit the search.Example of a theme for a library search leadership organizational performance research. Try to include several themes. 2. Report databases used in your library search. 3. Indicate which of the following types of primary scholarly works were reviewed empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological inquiry (aim to obtain all of these)? 4. Were secondary citations of references used in your pape r? Explain Why? Review APA p. 247 to understand a secondary citation of a source. Remember that these need to be express. In your dissertation, you need to in the main use primary sources of literature.Remember that if you report literature from secondary sources in your paper use (as cited in __). 5. Explain if you reviewed dissertation abstracts (yes/no). If so, on what topics, which abstracts? You should use these. 6. Explain if you did a Library catalog search on the topic (at Lynn or where? ) Yes/ or no 7. Provide the titles of the key journals reviewed. (Put these titles in Italics). 8. Indicated whether or not you limited the search to peer-reviewed journals? 9. Indicate if you limited the search to certain years? If so, which years? 10. Refer the reader to the example of a library Search Print-out that you will place in Appendix A.11. Report any problems encountered in your library search and how these problems were managed. Refine this part with each new draft. Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis Lecture In this last part of the introduction to the literature review, you explain the importance and significance of the Review that will follow. As you read more, you will find more rationale as to wherefore this review is important. Provide a transition sentence from this Introduction to the Review of the Literature. Then end with a statement that explains how the Review will conclude in the interchange section.Example of concluding statement As an emerging method of instructional delivery in higher education, and one that continually evolves with the growth in technology, it is important to understand its impact on learning, retention, instruction, and students. This critical analysis of the literature concludes with a summary and interpretation of theoretical, empirical, and methodological literature, conclusions, and recommendations for future scholarly inquiry into web-based instruction in distance education. 4 Instruct ions for Writing the Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis 1.Discuss if the topic is of limited interest, regional, national, or perhaps of global interest? Explain why? You can include personal interest based on experience and potential applications. 2. Describe why it is worth studying (or examining)? 3. Indicate that the presentation of the Review of the Literature follows 4. Develop a concluding statement (see example above, in lecture) to the effect that a analysis and interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are presented at the end of the review in the discussion section. Refine this part with each new draft. Review of the Literature About ___ (add your topic)Lecture This is the second major part of this critical analysis. This has a long lecture. Now is the time to write your in-depth Literature Review. You laid the foundations for this section in the Introduction to the Review, to organize your review according to those themes. Present th e theoretical literature (theories, model, constructs, concepts) about those themes, and empirical literature (studies) regarding those themes, in a proper manner. Follow the instructions (see presenting theoretical literature, and presenting empirical literature) in this Review of the Literature section.If you present the literature appropriately in this body of the review, then you will have information to present in the Discussion of the Literature. If you dont, this Review falls apart. Only literature presented in this Review of the Literature can be analyzed in the next section, Discussion of the Literature. You will save a stitch in time, if you follow instructions and learn how to present theories, and how to present studies, including the authors stated limitations and recommendations for future inquiry, in addition to your critique of those studies. universal comments The theoretical and empirical literature is summarized, analyzed, evaluated, and synthesized in a more in- depth coherent manner within organized headings and sublevel headings. Specifically, information pertaining to theoretical, empirical, methodological, critical review, and case studies about the topic is reported. As reported previously, expect that you will obtain more literature than you will need to include in your literature review. Quantity, however, is not as important as selecting appropriate literature to present, that is of value and relevant.While many published Review articles may have more than 100 cited references, due to time constraints in the course, the expectation is a minimum of 20 relevant, scholarly citations in the text of your paper. This will increase to 50 references in the qualifying paper. It certainly isnt unusual to have over 100 references in a dissertation. Do not go overboard. Quality and relevance is what counts. Dont use references from consulting firms or firms that are promoting their products or services. Look for scholarly publications. As you p resent literature in your word document, it is okay to talk to yourself.Make notes in the document to your self. You can use different font colors or highlights for these messages to yourself. o Perhaps you want to leave a message to yourself to review a particular article that you didnt yet have the chance to review, or o you want to search another theme. o Or you read an article, but didnt have a chance yet to write about it jot down notes o Use the word file as a tool where you go all information in one place. You will find this technique very helpful in developing the qualifying paper, and in developing the your dissertation.The instructor does not mind (and in fact encourages you do to this, even in final copies0. Just make the messages neat and not to distracting) Of utmost importance, is that you present your review appropriately. Practice doing it correctly immediately or you will be WASTING time (having to redo it later). Your review must be organized within the heading s/sublevel headings. Insert the outline developed in the Introduction to the Review. Make sure that the outline is consistent with the organization of themes, concepts add theories in your literature map. It is ok if you reorganize or rename the themes, but make the changes if the Organization of the R (and literature map, in the prior section). You want the Introduction to the Review, Review of the Literature, and the Discussion section all to be internally consistent with one another. Instructions follow on how to present CRITICALLY present, theoretical and empirical literature. FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS. Quotations and Paraphrasing and Critical Analysis This is a literature review, and not your opinion.

Ariel and Caliban Relationship

At the beginning of the Tempest, Prospero finds two other inhabitants on the island, Caliban and Ariel. Ariel is portrayed as a mythical world coming from the heavens he acts upon explanation and motive, being connected with God. Caliban, on the other hand, represents a creature descending the devil. He acts upon instinct, and is a creature of the wild. some(prenominal) of them desire freedom, but Caliban is the one who is enslaved by Prospero.Prospero, being the Duke of Milan, also controls Ariel in order to servicing him succeed in his study of magic. This magic keeps Caliban subjugated at a lower place Prosperos control. It seems simple to understand the relationship between the three- Prospero has two servants and their names are Caliban and Ariel. But really, Caliban seems enslaved while Ariel seems more(prenominal) as an indentured servant. Why should Prospero raise Ariel more than Caliban?They both contribute to the same amount of work and both are under Prosperos contr ol. It is obvious throughout the play that Prospero enjoys the company of Ariel more than Caliban, as Caliban tries to kill him and Ariel is a peaceful kind spirit. But looking through the postcolonial lens, it seems as if Caliban deserves nothing less than Ariel, as he has as overmuch knowledge and leadership as Prospero. Throughout the whole play, Prospero uses harsh language upon Caliban, and vise versa.This shows that Caliban once had love for Prospero, but is now angry with Prospero for taking his island. eon Caliban is ordered to fetch wood and make fire, Ariel is given more important tasks, as Prospero depends on her. Caliban is usually reluctant to complete the orders of Prospero, while Ariel is willing to help his master. Simply, Prospero is the master of two beings one being good, and the other being bad. Ultimately, the relationship between Ariel and Prospero completely juxtaposes between that of Caliban and Prospero.

Assignment 1: Preliminary Product Screening Report

PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SCREENING REPORT OPAL JEWELRY 16/08/2012 Assignment one. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Gems and jewelry play a signifi go offt role in Australian customs and traditions, make this sector integral to the parsimony and one of the fastest growing industries in the country. Precious opal ranks with diamond, as one of the most valuable of gemstones. Opal jewelry can train a big renewal on their prises, opals materials to make those jewelries can boodle at AUD$1. 00 per carat and go to AUD$20,000. 00 per carat. Apart from Australia and Slovakia the only opposite countries with a significant production of opal jewelry mystify been Mexico and Brazil.Australian opal jewelry can be a sound long- condition investment, with value appreciation climbing yearly. Weakness Australia does not invest in overseas merchandising for jewelry, if the country started investing on that, opportunities would came, grounding up the opal market overseas Australians have the opals as old-fashion ed jewelry they should be re-educated about that. Compliance mind property (IP) is an inseparable tool to protect your ideas and the work you generate as a designer in the fashion industry.Its too one of the essential building blocks of Australias economy, because it helps foster creativity and reward innovation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary . Page 2 Introduction Page 4 investigate Findings Page 5 Analysis and Conclusions Page 12 Opal character references Page 13 INTRODUCTION Since the last century, Australia has been the prime producer of gem opal in the world. Now a day, Australia exports over 90 per cent of natural opal, making a significant contribution to Australias economy.The infinite variety of color and pattern makes opal a very additional stone. Opal is unique in that the stone changes color when it is diddered back and forth or when it moves on the neck so mounting it in Australian opal jewelry displays the rock in the very best setting. The task for this assignment 1 in certificate IV inter interior(a) trade was to undertake preliminary screening of an Australian product. The task was to choose and research an Australian product made in Australia from mostly Australian resources that we wish to market internationally.Once the product was selected we were then asked to perform a research using primary and secondary resources for our research. To be Included in this research argon vital pieces of information such as price, product, promotion and stray, consumers of the product, competitors in the industry and the product cycle of our product. Through this preliminary research we will be able to gain an idea of whether or not exporting our elect product will be a successful venture or whether in that respect will be risks involved. The Australian product I have elect is Opal jewellery. RESEARCH FINDINGSPRODUCT DESCRIPTION There ar more then 19 mines situated all over Australia. New south Wales, for example, is famous for your blue opals. This state has the largest proportion of Australian Opals in term of value. There we can find two mines Lightning Ridge and White Cliffs. Queensland produces Boulder Opal, which is a unique typesetters case of opal and is found attached to a host rock, ironstone. Only Queensland have the Boulder opal, and is found in deposits in weatheredsedimentary Cretaceous rocks in the air jacket of the state. This state have four mines, which are Quilpe, Winton, Opalton and Yoah.South Australia has four active opal mining fields, Andamooka, Coober Pedy, Lambina and Mintabie. South Australia is largest producer of opal in terms of volume, and produces the white opal, crystal opal or milky type of opal. Source http//www. costellos. com. au/opals/types. html This research is based in a business operated in Queensland, having as a main product Boulder opal. Although, the federation in like manner sells all types of opals jewelry, rings, pendants, earrings, beads, and watches. (BUSINESS LOGO. ) Source http//www. opalsdownunder. com. au/Images source http//www. opalsdownunder. com. au/opal-pendants/ COSTUMERS DETAILS The opal jewelry Is displayed in the full gamut of jewelry settings rings, earrings, pendants, brooches, bracelets, studs, cufflinks and other type of jewelry to causa every occasion and budget. You can even have custom-made opal jewelry for your engagement ring or for any other appropriate gift-giving occasion. Or maybe you just want to spoil yourself. As the price of the jewelry made with opals varies greatly, consumers may also vary according to the price of the product.There are jewelries made of opal, which are for tourists, with a swallow cost. Others, such as black opal, which has great value, are for higher-class consumers, who admire and do not save money to buy a in effect(p) jewelry. Source Laszlos opal and jewelry, 2001-2010, viewed 10 august 2012, http//www. opal-jewelry. com/about. htm RETAIL INFORMATION Opals are very common Jewelry i n Australia. The ones made for tourists are commonly sold in local markets, with a lower cost. But, we also find Opals in famous jewelry stores with a higher value.Web sites such as e-bay, or even jewelry websites made just to sell them. There are a huge variety of them, offering all forms of payment. On this company, for example the website shows some of the most important currencies that may be interested to buy their products. All the prices are showed in Australian dollars, with their currency conversion below the pictures to make it easier for the costumers to speak out how much does the jewelry costs in their own country. At the moment the product is only sold domestically within Australia in their store, Situated on the Bruce Highway on sunshine coast.Also, this product it is predominantly sold online at its website http//www. opalsdownunder. com. au, here the customers can browse by means of the available products on offer and place an online order. Once they have chosen , they can then add the product to their online baby buggy and proceed to pay. The payment method is Credit Card or Debit MasterCard/ Visas, there is also the option to pay by PayPal. On this company, for example, the website shows some of the most important currencies that may be interested to buy their products.All the prices are showed in Australian dollars, with their currency conversion below the pictures to make it easier for the costumers to think how much does the jewelry costs in their own country, followed by the payment methods. Source https//www. opalsdownunder. com. au/cart PRICE DETAILS The color, size and type of precious opal are factors that determine the price paid for the gemstone. Usually the price is based on the quality of the opal and denotative per carat. Furthermore, there is a marked difference between the value of uncut opal compared with the value of cut and polished opal.Like anything, market has a great impact on determining the value of a product. O pals are as unique and individual as the people who buy them. And a personal taste and preference can also affect the price this product. other issue is that the different colors and patterns can appeal to different markets. Although, you can have material that can start at AUD$1. 00 per carat and go to AUD$20, 000. 00 per carat. One big influence when we talk about Opal values is the Opal tone it refers to the background or the underlying color of the opal, which ranges from black through dark to light.Generally opals with a black or dark organic structure tone are more valuable than those with a white, light, or crystal body tone, because a stone with a darker body tone tends to display colors more vibrantly. Black opals are the most prized opal and may realize prices over AUD $15,000 a carat. Opal Jewelry can also vary between the products, one simple opal pendent for example, starts with AUD 136, 00, but an opal ring costs around AUD 230. 00. As was mentioned before, we can al so find in the market more affordable opal jewelry, but usually, they are not made with gold, or silver or valuable materials.SOURCE http//www. opalsdownunder. com. au COMPETITORS Apart from Australia and Slovakia the only other countries with a significant production of opal jewelry have been Mexico and Brazil. There are a few other countries, which have small occurrences of precious opal, usually from volcanic rocks, but these have met with unforesightful commercial success. Another very valuable stone and well regarded by consumers, the diamond, is also seen as a competitor. Although, diamonds do not have the range of prices and types of productions that have opals.A top quality black opal can influence in the price, giving a higher price per carat than a good, clear one-carat diamond. Very different to to the diamond industry, there is no monopoly in the world marketing of opal and true market forces of supply and demand determine price. Another difference is that, opals have a wide range of values, which can satisfy a greater number of consumers, becoming a popular stone. And that do not happen with Diamonds. Apart of those countries, and the diamond, other mines in Australia are the biggest competitor that Opals Down Under have.With the websites facilities, the mines also sells the product for another countries, or domestically, for Australians. SOURCE Mining and Gems globose Industry, 2008, viewed 10 august 2012, http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=c49106d4-941d-433b-9f22-8f7280b7d19b%40sessionmgr104vid=14hid=125 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE Australian opal can be a sound long-term investment, with value appreciation climbing yearly. Australian fields are slowly running down, so the values on quality gems will regularly growth year by year.For the overseas investor, it is easier to buy at the source of supply and save money. COOBER Pedys colourful opal mining industry is falling victim to the states mining boom. ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER, vi ewed in 10 august 2012, http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3hid=125sid=bd0f4262-c765-4e52-b405-3b86c70d60ac%40sessionmgr112bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcCx1cmwsY3BpZCZjdXN0aWQ9czEyNDE5NzEmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZldb=anhAN=201206091017391615 PROMOTION Nationally, this company uses newspaper, magazines and sales to promote their sales.But also, a way that they use to promote is from Internet. Their website is a good way to promote their products and their store, but to promote their websites, coupons are also showed in on-line magazines, giving the costumers discounts of this product, and giving the costumers an opportunity to have a front on their websites source http//saltmagazine. com. au/articles/web-exclusives/pepper-march-spa-restaurants-events. aspx WEAKNESS OF THE PRODUCT Even with so many good things to talk about the market for jewelry opals, we also have to look at his weak side.One way Australian opal could further its fall out would be through aggressive strategies of marketing. Australia spends almost to nothing with the promotion of opal overseas or even with in his own country. For example, last year, a South African diamond mining company called De Beers, spent around AUS$150million in Japan marketing diamond engagement rings, as opposed to Australia which, in the same year, spent AUD$100,000. 00 in all the promotion of opal overseas. Australia could make more marketing campaigns about opals, and that would increase the demand.Another weaknesses of the market is that, according to opal retailer Con Retsas, if we educate Australians about opal that could be the first step towards telling the world about the gem and build up its global reach. He said that Many Australians perceive opal jewelry as old fashioned, something that Grandma wore. But if you compare an opal to a diamond, even a lower grade opal can be really interesting and beautiful to look at as opposed to a poor diamond, which is nothing flash or colorful as the opals. Source T he Gemmological Association of Australia (GAA), C 2012, viewed 10 August 2012, www. gem. rg. au . COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAW About IP Australia IP Australia is the Australian presidential term agency responsible for administering patent, design, trademark and plant breeders rights. By granting these rights, and contributing to the improvement of Australian and international IP systems, IP Australia is supporting Australias economic development. Intellectual property (IP) is an essential tool to protect your ideas and the work you generate as a designer in the fashion industry. Its also one of the essential building blocks of Australias economy, because it helps foster creativity and reward innovation.Australias IP laws provide a legal framework to protect your advanced(a) and creative ideas and designs. Legally enforceable IP rights encourage technological innovation and artistic expression in industries, such as fashion and design, and help to build and expand businesses, create new jobs and stimulate the sector both in Australia and overseas. Source http//www. ipfashionrules. gov. au/ Conclusion Today, the Australian opal jewelry industry is made up of a large number of individual companies generally working their own claims.A single opal field is explored and developed by several hundred individual miners, making the jewelry market develop, and have a huge quantity of competitors. Historically, the continued development of the industry has relied upon chance discovery. Other than putting more funds into marketing Australian opal jewelry, I believe that display stores around the world, representing Australian opal jewelry as a product rather than individual jewelry businesses would be a start in the global promotion of Australian opal jewelry.With this promotion nice quality of jewelry as artistic designed pieces, could make the market reach the status it deserves. This industry is young, and Australia has much to do in order to promote the jewelry industry t o its biggest potential. Yet, with industry perseverance, opal jewelry will be soon acknowledge by the world, for the art it is. Opal jewelry is a great gift, or souvenir that represents Australia, making this industry have a large number of types of consumers.To conclude, In my opinion, Australia has reached his national target with the opal jewelry market, and now is ready to export this amazing art and show the world not just the beauty of the rings, watches, pendants, but a little bit of his culture as well. Australian opals jewelry has the best quality, design and also the biggest resources making opals jewelry an easier market to export. Type of opals Boulder opal is also class as solid opal.It is a variety of precious opal that has the host rock forming naturally as part of the gem. This type of opal is often cut with the ironstone left on the back, as the opal often just a thin vein of precious opal is present. The opal forms within the cavities of the boulders in both ver tical and horizontal cracks. Boulder opal can be found in many different shapes and sizes, from as small as a pea, to as big as a family car which can also be black or light depending on the appearance of the stone when viewed from the surface.Black/Dark Opal Black Opal is easily distinguished by the blackness of the background body tone or body color, which shows a play of color within or on a black/dark body tone, when viewed from the face up. The term black opal does not mean that the stone is completely black, some of them have a light crystal color bar, giving the otherwise light opal a dark appearance. Even expensive black/dark opals may have only a very thin color bar. Light/Crystal OpalCrystal Opal has a transparent, translucent, or semi-translucent body, which is also referred to as the diaphaneity of a stone. Crystal opals can display any color of the spectrum in a beautiful play of color because they are cut with a high cabochon. The translucence of a crystal opal often g ives it clarity and vibrancy of color and may be transparent through to approximately opaque, although it usually has a light body tone or white body color. Source King opal, 2009, viewed 10 august 2012, http//www. kingopal. com. au/types-of-opal. php